Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23878418›Full record

ArticleIndian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine2013

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rahul Mhaskar, Vaibhav Alandikar, Patricia Emmanuel, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Sangita Patel, Atul Patel, Eknath Naik, Shyam Mohapatra, Ambuj Kumar

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

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  18. Adherence to anti-retroviral drugs.The Indian journal of medical research · 2016
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Rahul MhaskarDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division and Center for Evidence Based Medicine and Outcomes Research, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Florida, USA ; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of South Florida, Florida, USA.
Vaibhav Alandikar
Patricia Emmanuel
Benjamin Djulbegovic
Sangita Patel
Atul Patel
Eknath Naik
Shyam Mohapatra
Ambuj Kumar
University of South Florida · USGovernment Medical College · IN

Funding

USF-UAB India HIV Research Training Program PlanD43TW006793 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA · PI EMMANUEL, PATRICIA J · 2007 to 2011
$1.5M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW006793
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population in India.

designSystematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND

methodsThe Medline and Cochrane library database were searched. Any prospective or retrospective study enrolling a minimum of 10 subjects with a primary objective of assessing ART adherence in the HIV population in India was included. Data were extracted on adherence definition, adherence estimates, study design, study population characteristics, recall period and assessment method. For metaanalysis, the pooled proportion was calculated as a back-transform of the weighted mean of the transformed proportions (calculated according to the Freeman-Tukey variant of the arcsine square root) using the random effects model.

resultsThere were seven cross-sectional studies and one retrospective study enrolling 1666 participants. Publication bias was significant (P = 0.003). Pooled results showed an ART adherence rate of 70% (95% confidence interval: 59-81%, I(2) = 96.3%). Sensitivity analyses based on study design, adherence assessment method and study region did not influence adherence estimates. Fifty percent (4/8) of the studies reported cost of medication as the most common obstacle for ART adherence. Twenty-five percent (2/8) reported lack of access to medication as the reason for non-adherence and 12% (1/8) cited adverse events as the most prevalent reason for non-adherence. The overall methodological quality of the included studies was poor.

conclusionPooled results show that overall ART adherence in India is below the required levels to have an optimal treatment effect. The quality of studies is poor and cannot be used to guide policies to improve ART adherence.

Indexed as

Anti-retroviral therapyIndiasystematic reviewtreatment compliance

Identifiers

PMID23878418
PMCPMC3714945
OpenAlexW1973404005

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.