ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
Identification, structure, and function of a novel type VI secretion peptidoglycan glycoside hydrolase effector-immunity pair.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- ABPs: diffusible antibacterial toxins secreted by and active against diverse gram-positive bacteria.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- The M91 metallopeptidase domain of the T6SS effector protein SED_RS06335 encoded in Salmonella Dublin SPI-19 exhibits antibacterial activity.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide In Silico Analysis of the Type VI Secretion System (T6SS) Within the Morganella Genus.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Type VI Secretion Systems inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- The type VI secretion system and associated effector proteins.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Systematic identification of Salmonella T6SS effectors uncovers diverse new families and lipid-targeting activities.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Virulence regulation in the fish pathogenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The SPI-20 and SPI-21 T6SS gene clusters fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The SPI-6 T6SS gene cluster fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- A nonenzymatic effector disruptsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Deciphering theJournal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Rapidly evolving orphan immunity genes protect human gut bacteria from intoxication by the type VI secretion system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- LXG Toxins of Bacillus Velezensis Mediate Contact-Dependent Inhibition in a T7SS-Dependent Manner to Enhance Rhizosphere Adaptability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- A new class of type VI secretion system effectors can carry two toxic domains and are recognized through the WHIX motif for export.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- T6SS in plant pathogens: unique mechanisms in complex hosts.Infection and immunity · 2024Review
- Identification of type VI secretion system effector-immunity pairs using structural bioinformatics.Molecular systems biology · 2024Article
- Xanthomonas immunity proteins protect against the cis-toxic effects of their cognate T4SS effectors.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- The role of the type VI secretion system in the stress resistance of plant-associated bacteria.Stress biology · 2024Review
- Genomic analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria employ type VI secretion systems (T6SSs) to facilitate interactions with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Despite the widespread identification of T6SSs among Gram-negative bacteria, the number of experimentally validated substrate effector proteins mediating these interactions remains small. Here, employing an informatics approach, we define novel families of T6S peptidoglycan glycoside hydrolase effectors. Consistent with the known intercellular self-intoxication exhibited by the T6S pathway, we observe that each effector gene is located adjacent to a hypothetical open reading frame encoding a putative periplasmically localized immunity determinant. To validate our sequence-based approach, we functionally investigate a representative family member from the soil-dwelling bacterium Pseudomonas protegens. We demonstrate that this protein is secreted in a T6SS-dependent manner and that it confers a fitness advantage in growth competition assays with Pseudomonas putida. In addition, we determined the 1.4 Å x-ray crystal structure of this effector in complex with its cognate immunity protein. The structure reveals the effector shares highest overall structural similarity to a glycoside hydrolase family associated with peptidoglycan N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, suggesting that T6S peptidoglycan glycoside hydrolase effector families may comprise significant enzymatic diversity. Our structural analyses also demonstrate that self-intoxication is prevented by the immunity protein through direct occlusion of the effector active site. This work significantly expands our current understanding of T6S effector diversity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.