ArticleEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2013
Pharmacoepidemiological characterisation of zolpidem and zopiclone usage.
Article in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Harmonizing post-market surveillance of prescription drug misuse: a systematic review of observational studies using routinely collected data (2000-2013).Drug safety · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of secured prescription implementation on ambulatory pregabalin use in France: A regional assessment in the French Nouvelle-Aquitaine.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mapping Patient Pathways in Tuberculosis Care: Insights From Gujarat and Jharkhand States of India.Cureus · 2024Article
- French national addictovigilance follow-up of zolpidem between 2014 and 2020: evolution of drug abuse, misuse and dependence before and after the regulatory change.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Did the New French Regulation of Zolpidem Decrease the Problematic Consumption of Zolpidem? A Field Study among Users.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Perception of the Regulatory Change for Zolpidem Prescription by French General Practitioners and Its Relation to Prescription Behavior.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Regulatory Framework Implementation for the Prescription of Zolpidem in France, What Impact in the Older People?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Observational
- Impact of Secured Prescription Implementation for Zolpidem on Hypnotics Use in France: A Time-Series Analysis on National Data.Annals of family medicine · 2020Article
- Prevalence of zolpidem use in France halved after secure prescription pads implementation in 2017: A SNDS database nested cohort study.PloS one · 2020Observational
- Observational
- Article
- Patterns of zolpidem use among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans: A retrospective cohort analysis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Spontaneous Adverse Event Reports Associated with Zolpidem in the United States 2003-2012.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2017Article
- Article
- [Benzodiazepine hypnotics, zolpidem and zopiclone on private prescriptions: use between 1993 and 2012].Der Nervenarzt · 2014Article
- The effects of repeated zolpidem treatment on tolerance, withdrawal-like symptoms, and GABAA receptor mRNAs profile expression in mice: comparison with diazepam.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- The behavioral pharmacology of zolpidem: evidence for the functional significance of α1-containing GABA(A) receptors.Psychopharmacology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeZolpidem and zopiclone are two widely used non-benzodiazepine hypnotics whose usage seems to be associated to pharmacodependence. However, to our knowledge, there has as yet been no published epidemiological study which has compared their abuse or dependence potential. We used a pharmacoepidemiological approach to identify and characterise zolpidem and zopiclone users in real life situations.
methodsRegular users of zolpidem or zopiclone were identified in the database of a French regional health insurance organisation. A latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different subgroups of users of these two hypnotics.
resultsThe study cohort comprised 25,168 patients who regularly used zolpidem and 21,860 who regularly used zopiclone. The results of the latent class analysis, which enables subgroups with similar patterns of response to be identified, revealed four clinical subtypes of users of zolpidem: non-problematic users, users with associations with hypnotics/anxiolytics or with associated mental disorders, and problematic users. Only three subgroups were identified for zopiclone, and LCA did not discriminate a special class of problematic users for this drug.
conclusionOur analysis indicates that there is a subclass of zolpidem user suggestive of abuse; this was not the case for zopiclone. This methodology is very interesting because it allows analysis of databases and determination of a specific signature of drugs potentially leading to abuse or dependence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
23877252What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.