ReviewAge (Dordrecht, Netherlands)2014
Thymus and aging: morphological, radiological, and functional overview.
Review in Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Adjuvant Chemo- and Radiotherapy in Thymic Carcinoma Stage II: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterPooled it
- Article
- Programmable aging function-related mitochondrial DNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification with a TALE-directed methyltransferase.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Thymic health consequences in adults.Nature · 2026Article
- Bridging aging and colorectal cancer: synergistic roles of inflammaging and immunosenescence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Single-cell analysis of human thymus and peripheral blood unveils the dynamics of T cell development and aging.Nature aging · 2025Article
- A multi-omics molecular landscape of 30 tissues in aging female rhesus macaques.Nature methods · 2025Article
- Aging and Thymosin Alpha-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- MRAP mediated adipocyte differentiation by thymic mesenchymal stromal cells contributes to thymic involution.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ectopic cervical thymus in a child: A rare neck mass case report.International journal of surgery case reports · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of ageing of humans and non-human primates.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025Review
- Immunosenescence and organoids: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Stromal senescence contributes to age-related increases in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Senescent Polarization of Macrophages and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Parathyroid glands exhibit reduced parenchymatic chief cells and increased extracellular collagen as a response to a long-term low-phosphorus diet in pigs.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2025Article
- Burning Down the House: Thymic Repair and Regeneration After Acute Damage.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Clinical grade expansion protocol for the manufacture of thymus-derived Treg cells for clinical application.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Immunosenescence promotes cancer development: from mechanisms to treatment strategies.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Endocrine and molecular regulation of seasonal avian immune function.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Influence of Aging and Immune Alterations on Susceptibility to Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the Elderly.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aging is a continuous process that induces many alterations in the cytoarchitecture of different organs and systems both in humans and animals. Moreover, it is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic processes. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the production of immunocompetent T cells and, with aging, it atrophies and declines in functions. Universality of thymic involution in all species possessing thymus, including human, indicates it as a long-standing evolutionary event. Although it is accepted that many factors contribute to age-associated thymic involution, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the process. The exact time point of the initiation is not well defined. To address the issue, we report the exact age of thymus throughout the review so that readers can have a nicely pictured synoptic view of the process. Focusing our attention on the different stages of the development of the thymus gland (natal, postnatal, adult, and old), we describe chronologically the morphological changes of the gland. We report that the thymic morphology and cell types are evolutionarily preserved in several vertebrate species. This finding is important in understanding the similar problems caused by senescence and other diseases. Another point that we considered very important is to indicate the assessment of the thymus through radiological images to highlight its variability in shape, size, and anatomical conformation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.