ArticlePloS one2013
Immunomodulator clarithromycin enhances mucosal and systemic immune responses and reduces re-infection rate in pediatric patients with influenza treated with antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors: a retrospective analysis.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges and Opportunities for Post-COVID Pulmonary Disease: A Focused Review of Immunomodulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Stem cell therapy: a novel approach against emerging and re-emerging viral infections with special reference to SARS-CoV-2.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Article
- Azithromycin in viral infections.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Review
- Possible mechanisms of action of clarithromycin and its clinical application as a repurposing drug for treating multiple myeloma.Ecancermedicalscience · 2020Review
- Macrolides in critically ill patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2019Article
- The mechanisms of delayed onset type adverse reactions to oseltamivir.Infectious diseases (London, England) · 2016Article
- Seasonal Human Influenza: Treatment Options.Current treatment options in infectious diseases · 2014Review
- Clinical evidences on the antiviral properties of macrolide antibiotics in the COVID-19 era and beyond.Antiviral chemistry & chemotherapyArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsTreatment with antiviral neuraminidase inhibitors suppresses influenza viral replication and antigen production, resulting in marked attenuation of mucosal immunity and mild suppression of systemic immunity in mice. This study investigated the effects of immunomodulator clarithromycin (CAM) supplementation on mucosal and systemic immunity in pediatric patients with influenza treated with neuraminidase inhibitors.
methodsA retrospective, non-randomized case series study was conducted among five treatment groups of 195 children aged 5.9±3.3 years infected with influenza A in 2008/2009 season. The five treatment groups were oseltamivir (OSV), zanamivir (ZNV), OSV+CAM, ZNV+CAM and untreated groups. Anti-viral secretory IgA (S-IgA) levels in nasal washes and IgG levels in sera were measured. The re-infection rate was analyzed among the same five treatment groups in the 2009/2010 season.
resultsTreatment of influenza with OSV and ZNV for 5 days attenuated the induction of anti-viral S-IgA in nasal washes and anti-viral IgG in serum, compared with the untreated group. The combination of CAM plus OSV or ZNV boosted and restored the production of mucosal S-IgA and systemic IgG. The re-infection rates in the subsequent season were significantly higher in the OSV and ZNV groups than the untreated, while CAM+OSV and CAM+ZNV tended to reduce such rate.
conclusionsCAM restored the attenuated anti-viral mucosal and systemic immunity and reduced the re-infection rate in the subsequent year in pediatric patients with influenza treated with OSV and ZNV.
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