ArticlePloS one2013
Characterization of vascular disease risk in postmenopausal women and its association with cognitive performance.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00154180 (Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Atherosclerosis Progression in Recently Menopausal Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Estrogen Replacement on Atherosclerosis Progression in Recently Menopausal Women
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Combining modifiable risk factors and risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2019Pooled it
- Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy.Maturitas · 2023Trial
- Cardiometabolic measures and cognition in early menopause - Analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial.Maturitas · 2022Trial
- Sleep quality and cortical amyloid-β deposition in postmenopausal women of the Kronos early estrogen prevention study.Neuroreport · 2021Trial
- Brain structure and cognition 3 years after the end of an early menopausal hormone therapy trial.Neurology · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Early Postmenopausal Transdermal 17β-Estradiol Therapy and Amyloid-β Deposition.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2016Trial
- Effects of Hormone Therapy on Cognition and Mood in Recently Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Randomized, Controlled KEEPS-Cognitive and Affective Study.PLoS medicine · 2015Trial
- The role of oestrogen therapy in reducing risk of Alzheimer's disease: systematic review.BJPsych open · 2023Review
- The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS): what have we learned?Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Review
- Women-specific factors to consider in risk, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.Women's health (London, England) · 2015Review
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in pre- and postmenopausal women.Archives of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 15 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWhile global measures of cardiovascular (CV) risk are used to guide prevention and treatment decisions, these estimates fail to account for the considerable interindividual variability in pre-clinical risk status. This study investigated heterogeneity in CV risk factor profiles and its association with demographic, genetic, and cognitive variables.
methodsA latent profile analysis was applied to data from 727 recently postmenopausal women enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS). Women were cognitively healthy, within three years of their last menstrual period, and free of current or past CV disease. Education level, apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (APOE4), ethnicity, and age were modeled as predictors of latent class membership. The association between class membership, characterizing CV risk profiles, and performance on five cognitive factors was examined. A supervised random forest algorithm with a 10-fold cross-validation estimator was used to test accuracy of CV risk classification.
resultsThe best-fitting model generated two distinct phenotypic classes of CV risk 62% of women were "low-risk" and 38% "high-risk". Women classified as low-risk outperformed high-risk women on language and mental flexibility tasks (p = 0.008) and a global measure of cognition (p = 0.029). Women with a college degree or above were more likely to be in the low-risk class (OR = 1.595, p = 0.044). Older age and a Hispanic ethnicity increased the probability of being at high-risk (OR = 1.140, p = 0.002; OR = 2.622, p = 0.012; respectively). The prevalence rate of APOE-ε4 was higher in the high-risk class compared with rates in the low-risk class.
conclusionAmong recently menopausal women, significant heterogeneity in CV risk is associated with education level, age, ethnicity, and genetic indicators. The model-based latent classes were also associated with cognitive function. These differences may point to phenotypes for CV disease risk. Evaluating the evolution of phenotypes could in turn clarify preclinical disease, and screening and preventive strategies. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00154180.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.