ArticlePLoS genetics2013
Independent evolution of transcriptional inactivation on sex chromosomes in birds and mammals.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- HJ Muller and the Relationship Between Sex Chromosome Degeneration and the Evolution of Dosage Compensation.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Review
- Sex-Specific Methylomic and Transcriptomic Responses of the Avian Pineal Gland to Unpredictable Illumination Patterns.Journal of pineal research · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Insects.Insects · 2025Review
- The Molecular and Nuclear Dynamics of X-Chromosome Inactivation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Review
- Epigenetics drive the evolution of sex chromosomes in animals and plants.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Review
- Review
- DNA methylation and genetic degeneration of the Y chromosome in the dioecious plant Silene latifolia.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- The Methylome of Vertebrate Sex Chromosomes.Genes · 2018Review
- Sex-biased microRNA expression in mammals and birds reveals underlying regulatory mechanisms and a role in dosage compensation.Genome research · 2017Article
- Evolution of Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Animals: A Beautiful Theory, Undermined by Facts and Bedeviled by Details.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Review
- Allele-Specific Expression Analysis Does Not Support Sex Chromosome Inactivation on the Chicken Z Chromosome.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Compensation of Dosage-Sensitive Genes on the Chicken Z Chromosome.Genome biology and evolution · 2016Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of x chromosome dosage compensation.Journal of genomics · 2015Review
- Conflict on the sex chromosomes: cause, effect, and complexity.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2014Review
- The evolution of X chromosome inactivation in mammals: the demise of Ohno's hypothesis?Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2014Review
- Avian sex, sex chromosomes, and dosage compensation in the age of genomics.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2014Review
- Complete dosage compensation and sex-biased gene expression in the moth Manduca sexta.Genome biology and evolution · 2014Article
- The epigenetic sole of sex and dosage compensation.Nature genetics · 2014Article
- The sex chromosomes of frogs: variability and tolerance offer clues to genome evolution and function.Journal of genomics · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
X chromosome inactivation in eutherian mammals has been thought to be tightly controlled, as expected from a mechanism that compensates for the different dosage of X-borne genes in XX females and XY males. However, many X genes escape inactivation in humans, inactivation of the X in marsupials is partial, and the unrelated sex chromosomes of monotreme mammals have incomplete and gene-specific inactivation of X-linked genes. The bird ZW sex chromosome system represents a third independently evolved amniote sex chromosome system with dosage compensation, albeit partial and gene-specific, via an unknown mechanism (i.e. upregulation of the single Z in females, down regulation of one or both Zs in males, or a combination). We used RNA-fluorescent in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) to demonstrate, on individual fibroblast cells, inactivation of 11 genes on the chicken Z and 28 genes on the X chromosomes of platypus. Each gene displayed a reproducible frequency of 1Z/1X-active and 2Z/2X-active cells in the homogametic sex. Our results indicate that the probability of inactivation is controlled on a gene-by-gene basis (or small domains) on the chicken Z and platypus X chromosomes. This regulatory mechanism must have been exapted independently to the non-homologous sex chromosomes in birds and mammals in response to an over-expressed Z or X in the homogametic sex, highlighting the universal importance that (at least partial) silencing plays in the evolution on amniote dosage compensation and, therefore, the differentiation of sex chromosomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.