Trial reportPloS one2013
Reduced prevalence of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) 4 years after bivalent HPV vaccination in a randomized clinical trial in Costa Rica.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 202 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Double-Blind, Controlled, Randomized, Phase III Study of the Efficacy of an HPV16/18 VLP Vaccine in the Prevention of Advanced Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN2, CIN3, Adenocarcinoma In Situ [AIS] and Invasive Cervical Cancer) Associated With HPV 16 or HPV 18 Cervical Infection in Healthy Young Adult Women in Costa Rica.
The Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection and Oral Lesions in People Living With HIV in a HIV Primary Care Clinic
Who cites it
202 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 468 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A Current Perspective of Two of the Most Aggressive Head and Neck Cancers: Pharyngeal and Laryngeal.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Pooled it
- Detection and natural history of HPV infection of oral cavity and tonsils - a systematic literature review.BMC cancer · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic literature review of the human papillomavirus prevalence in locally and regionally advanced and recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancers through the last decade: The "ALARM" study.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Oropharyngeal cancer and human papillomavirus: a visualization based on bibliometric analysis and topic modeling.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Low Rates of Dual-Site and Concordant Oral-Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infections and Cancers: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Updated clinical guideline for human papillomavirus vaccine: the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2021Guideline
- Impact of Sexual Activity on the Risk of Male Genital Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- The effectiveness of vaccination to prevent the papillomavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and infection · 2019Pooled it
- Efficacy, effectiveness and safety of vaccination against human papillomavirus in males: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- The incidence, clearance and persistence of non-cervical human papillomavirus infections: a systematic review of the literature.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)Pooled it
- Pre-vaccination prevalence of anogenital and oral human papillomavirus in young HIV-infected men who have sex with men.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Trial
- A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults Aged 27 Years or Older: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5298.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Trial
- High Baseline Anal Human Papillomavirus and Abnormal Anal Cytology in a Phase 3 Trial of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals Older Than 26 Years: ACTG 5298.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Trial
- Multisite HPV16/18 Vaccine Efficacy Against Cervical, Anal, and Oral HPV Infection.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Reduced prevalence of vulvar HPV16/18 infection among women who received the HPV16/18 bivalent vaccine: a nested analysis within the Costa Rica Vaccine Trial.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
142 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly with type 16, causes a growing fraction of oropharyngeal cancers, whose incidence is increasing, mainly in developed countries. In a double-blind controlled trial conducted to investigate vaccine efficacy (VE) of the bivalent HPV 16/18 vaccine against cervical infections and lesions, we estimated VE against prevalent oral HPV infections 4 years after vaccination. METHODS AND
findingsA total of 7,466 women 18-25 years old were randomized (1∶1) to receive the HPV16/18 vaccine or hepatitis A vaccine as control. At the final blinded 4-year study visit, 5,840 participants provided oral specimens (91·9% of eligible women) to evaluate VE against oral infections. Our primary analysis evaluated prevalent oral HPV infection among all vaccinated women with oral and cervical HPV results. Corresponding VE against prevalent cervical HPV16/18 infection was calculated for comparison. Oral prevalence of identifiable mucosal HPV was relatively low (1·7%). Approximately four years after vaccination, there were 15 prevalent HPV16/18 infections in the control group and one in the vaccine group, for an estimated VE of 93·3% (95% CI = 63% to 100%). Corresponding efficacy against prevalent cervical HPV16/18 infection for the same cohort at the same visit was 72·0% (95% CI = 63% to 79%) (p versus oral VE = 0·04). There was no statistically significant protection against other oral HPV infections, though power was limited for these analyses.
conclusionsHPV prevalence four years after vaccination with the ASO4-adjuvanted HPV16/18 vaccine was much lower among women in the vaccine arm compared to the control arm, suggesting that the vaccine affords strong protection against oral HPV16/18 infection, with potentially important implications for prevention of increasingly common HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. ClinicalTrials.gov, Registry number NCT00128661.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.