ArticleMalaria journal2013
Modest additive effects of integrated vector control measures on malaria prevalence and transmission in western Kenya.
Article in Malaria journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Vector borne disease control interventions in agricultural and irrigation areas in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Larviciding to prevent malaria transmission.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide-treated nets.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Summary of anti-malarial prophylactic efficacy of tafenoquine from three placebo-controlled studies of residents of malaria-endemic countries.Malaria journal · 2015Trial
- Review
- Vector-Borne Disease Control and Management in Irrigation Areas: A Neglected Critical Phenomenon in Malawi.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Mapping Potential Malaria Vector Larval Habitats for Larval Source Management in Western Kenya: Introduction to Multimodel Ensembling Approaches.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Article
- Molecular characterization and genotype distribution of thioester-containing protein 1 gene in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Evaluation of different deployment strategies for larviciding to control malaria: a simulation study.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- The Impact of Multiple Rounds of Indoor Residual Spraying on Malaria Incidence and Hemoglobin Levels in a High-Transmission Setting.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Bacterial larvicides used for malaria vector control in sub-Saharan Africa: review of their effectiveness and operational feasibility.Parasites & vectors · 2019Review
- Susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes to microbial larvicides in diverse ecological settings in western Kenya.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2019Article
- Efficacy and persistence of long-lasting microbial larvicides against malaria vectors in western Kenya highlands.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Implementing a larviciding efficacy or effectiveness control intervention against malaria vectors: key parameters for success.Parasites & vectors · 2018Review
- Cost of microbial larviciding for malaria control in rural Tanzania.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2016Article
- Discovering the cost of care: consumer, provider, and retailer surveys shed light on the determinants of malaria health-seeking behaviours.Malaria journal · 2016Article
- Insecticidal decay effects of long-lasting insecticide nets and indoor residual spraying on Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis in Western Kenya.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
- Assessment of mosquito larval productivity among different land use types for targeted malaria vector control in the western Kenya highlands.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
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9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of integrating vector larval intervention on malaria transmission is unknown when insecticide-treated bed-net (ITN) coverage is very high, and the optimal indicator for intervention evaluation needs to be determined when transmission is low.
methodsA post hoc assignment of intervention-control cluster design was used to assess the added effect of both indoor residual spraying (IRS) and Bacillus-based larvicides (Bti) in addition to ITN in the western Kenyan highlands in 2010 and 2011. Cross-sectional, mass parasite screenings, adult vector populations, and cohort of active case surveillance (ACS) were conducted before and after the intervention in three study sites with two- to three-paired intervention-control clusters at each site each year. The effect of larviciding, IRS, ITNs and other determinants of malaria risk was assessed by means of mixed estimating methods.
resultsAverage ITN coverage increased from 41% in 2010 to 92% in 2011 in the study sites. IRS intervention had significant added impact on reducing vector density in 2010 but the impact was modest in 2011. The effect of IRS on reducing parasite prevalence was significant in 2011 but was seasonal specific in 2010. ITN was significantly associated with parasite densities in 2010 but IRS application was significantly correlated with reduced gametocyte density in 2011. IRS application reduced about half of the clinical malaria cases in 2010 and about one-third in 2011 compare to non-intervention areas.
conclusionCompared with a similar study conducted in 2005, the efficacy of the current integrated vector control with ITN, IRS, and Bti reduced three- to five-fold despite high ITN coverage, reflecting a modest added impact on malaria transmission. Additional strategies need to be developed to further reduce malaria transmission.
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