ReviewVirology journal2013
Medical virology of hepatitis B: how it began and where we are now.
Review in Virology journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence in Morocco (2000-2024): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Kidney Transplantation from Donors with Resolved HBV Infection: Minimal but Potential Transmission Risk and the Need for Improved Recipient Vaccination.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Mediation Analysis of the Relationship Between Health Literacy and the French General Population's Opinions on Hepatitis B Vaccination: Representative Cross-Sectional Survey of the SLAVACO Project.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Insight into the Biology of Hepatitis B Virus and Recent Therapeutic Approaches.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- VVX001 Induces preS-Specific Antibodies Reacting to Common HBV Genotypes in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Carrier Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Virological Insights from ARC-520 siRNA and Entecavir Treated Chronically HBV-Infected Patients and Chimpanzees.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Impact of Hepatitis B Infection on Patient and Graft Survival After Kidney Transplantation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- From the Cytoplasm into the Nucleus-Hepatitis B Virus Travel and Genome Repair.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Review
- Conformationally Constrained Isoquinolinones as Orally Efficacious Hepatitis B Capsid Assembly Modulators.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
- Hepatitis B virus enhancer 1 activates preS1 and preS2 promoters of integrated HBV DNA impairing HBsAg secretion.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Occult HBV Infection in Patients Infected by HIV or HCV: Comparison between HBV-DNA and Two Assays for HBsAg.Viruses · 2024Article
- The City Clinic Cohort Study: Hepatitis B, HTLV-III/LAV, and CDC AIDS Project 24.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Diversity of HBV genotypes and their association with precore/basal core mutations among HBsAg-positive patients in Ibadan, Nigeria.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Serological and Molecular Characterization of Occult HBV Infection in Blood Donors from South Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
- Protection level of anti-hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin in a pediatric Cameroonian population.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may lead to acute or chronic hepatitis. HBV infections were previously much more frequent but there are still 240 million chronic HBV carriers today and ca. 620,000 die per year from the late sequelae liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B was recognized as a disease in ancient times, but its etiologic agent was only recently identified. The first clue in unraveling this mystery was the discovery of an enigmatic serum protein named Australia antigen 50 years ago by Baruch Blumberg. Some years later this was recognized to be the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Detection of HBsAg allowed for the first time screening of inapparently infected blood donors for a dangerous pathogen. The need to diagnose clinically silent HBV infections was a strong driving force in the development of modern virus diagnostics. HBsAg was the first infection marker to be assayed with a highly sensitive radio immune assay. HBV itself was among the first viruses to be detected by assay of its DNA genome and IgM antibodies against the HBV core antigen were the first to be selectively detected by the anti-μ capture assay. The cloning and sequencing of the HBV genome in 1978 paved the way to understand the viral life cycle, and allowed development of efficient vaccines and drugs. Today's hepatitis B vaccine was the first vaccine produced by gene technology. Among the problems that still remain today are the inability to achieve a complete cure of chronic HBV infections, the recognition of occult HBV infections, their potential reactivation and the incomplete protection against escape mutants and heterologous HBV genotypes by HBV vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.