ArticleBiophysical journal2013
The effect of the endothelial cell cortex on atomic force microscopy measurements.
Article in Biophysical journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microtubule stability modulates Schlemm's canal cell mechanobiology and outflow facility in glaucoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The cytoplasm of living cells can sustain transient and steady intracellular pressure gradients.eLife · 2026Article
- Endothelial cell stiffness and type drive the formation of biomechanically induced transcellular pores.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Mechanical Properties of Endothelial Cells: A Key to Physiology, Drug Testing and Nanostructure Interaction.Cells · 2025Review
- Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 modulates substrate stiffness mechanosensing and transcellular pore formation in human Schlemm's canal cells.Acta biomaterialia · 2025Article
- Atomic Force Microscopy Reveals Differences In Mechanical Properties Linked To Cortical Structure In Mouse And Human Oocytes.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- Biomechanical properties of the trabecular meshwork in intraocular pressure regulation: a review.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- TRPV4 modulates substrate stiffness mechanosensing and transcellular pore formation in human Schlemm's canal cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Supramolecular polyrotaxane-based nano-theranostics enable cancer-cell stiffening for enhanced T-cell-mediated anticancer immunotherapy.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Characterization, Enrichment, and Computational Modeling of Cross-Linked Actin Networks in Transformed Trabecular Meshwork Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Characterization, enrichment, and computational modeling of cross-linked actin networks in trabecular meshwork cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Quantifying both viscoelasticity and surface tension: Why sharp tips overestimate cell stiffness.Biophysical journal · 2024Article
- Review
- Biomechanics of Chondrocytes and Chondrons in Healthy Conditions and Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Mechanical Characterisations at the Microscale.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Elastin-like protein hydrogels with controllable stress relaxation rate and stiffness modulate endothelial cell function.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2023Article
- The role of the cortex in indentation experiments of animal cells.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2023Article
- Nuclear lamin isoforms differentially contribute to LINC complex-dependent nucleocytoskeletal coupling and whole-cell mechanics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Tracking of Endothelial Cell Migration and Stiffness Measurements Reveal the Role of Cytoskeletal Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 Modulates Hypoxia-Mediated Endothelial Senescence and Cellular Membrane StiffnessFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Changes in dynamics of tumor/endothelial cell adhesive interactions depending on endothelial cell growth state and elastic properties.PloS one · 2022Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
We examined whether the presence of the cell cortex might explain, in part, why previous studies using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure cell modulus (E) gave higher values with sharp tips than for larger spherical tips. We confirmed these AFM findings in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelial cells with AFM indentation ≤ 400 nm, two cell types with prominent cortices (312 ± 65 nm in HUVEC and 371 ± 91 nm in SC cells). With spherical tips, E (kPa) was 0.71 ± 0.16 in HUVEC and 0.94 ± 0.06 in SC cells. Much higher values of E were measured using sharp tips: 3.23 ± 0.54 in HUVEC and 6.67 ± 1.07 in SC cells. Previous explanations for this difference such as strain hardening or a substrate effect were shown to be inconsistent with our measurements. Finite element modeling studies showed that a stiff cell cortex could explain the results. In both cell types, Latrunculin-A greatly reduced E for sharp and rounded tips, and also reduced the ratio of the values measured with a sharp tip as compared to a rounded tip. Our results suggest that the cell cortex increases the apparent endothelial cell modulus considerably when measured using a sharp AFM tip.
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