ArticleCell2013
Noncanonical autophagy promotes the visual cycle.
Article in Cell, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 224 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
224 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 351 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of autophagy in ocular health: mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic strategies.Biology direct · 2026Pooled it
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Phagocytosis and Retinal Degenerative Diseases.Aging and disease · 2025Pooled it
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Age-dependent induction of ER stress in retinal pigment epithelium impairs phagocytosis via ADAM17-dependent MERTK shedding.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Outer retinal tubulation associated with photoreceptor degeneration.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Retinitis Pigmentosa-Associated Gene TRIM49 Regulates ULK1-Mediated Autophagy and Photoreceptor Phagocytosis by the Retinal Pigment Epithelium.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- RNA dysfunction in age-related macular degeneration: the role of U1 snRNP complex and neurodegenerative diseases.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2025Review
- Autophagy Regulates Müller Glial Cell Inflammatory Activation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Cellular and Molecular Signaling Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Retinal Autophagy for Sustaining Retinal Integrity as a Proof of Concept for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Roles of class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Vps34, in phagocytosis, autophagy, and endocytosis in retinal pigmented epithelium.iScience · 2025Article
- Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Confers Protection Against Oxidative Stress via Autophagy Induction in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Retinal Protective Effect of Mono-Ethyl Fumarate in Experimental Age-Related Macular Degeneration via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Apoptotic Alterations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Lamp2 Deficiency Enhances Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress-Induced RPE Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Retinal Pigment Epithelium Under Oxidative Stress: Chaperoning Autophagy and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CYLD Maintains Retinal Homeostasis by Deubiquitinating ENKD1 and Promoting the Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segments.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Anesthetic effects on electrophysiological responses across the visual pathway.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The retinal pigment epithelium: Functions and roles in ocular diseases.Fundamental research · 2024Review
- Aging of the eye: Lessons from cataracts and age-related macular degeneration.Ageing research reviews · 2024Review
- ATG14 and STX18: gatekeepers of lipid droplet degradation and the implications for disease modulation.Autophagy · 2024Article
164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phagocytosis and degradation of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is fundamental to vision. Autophagy is also responsible for bulk degradation of cellular components, but its role in POS degradation is not well understood. We report that the morning burst of RPE phagocytosis coincided with the enzymatic conversion of autophagy protein LC3 to its lipidated form. LC3 associated with single-membrane phagosomes containing engulfed POS in an Atg5-dependent manner that required Beclin1, but not the autophagy preinitiation complex. The importance of this process was verified in mice with Atg5-deficient RPE cells that showed evidence of disrupted lysosomal processing. These mice also exhibited decreased photoreceptor responses to light stimuli and decreased chromophore levels that were restored with exogenous retinoid supplementation. These results establish that the interplay of phagocytosis and autophagy within the RPE is required for both POS degradation and the maintenance of retinoid levels to support vision.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.