ReviewJournal of neurovirology2013
Human immunodeficiency virus-associated depression: contributions of immuno-inflammatory, monoaminergic, neurodegenerative, and neurotrophic pathways.
Review in Journal of neurovirology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of sex differences in the relationship between hormones and depression in HIV.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of perinatal depression among HIV-positive women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Antidepressants for depression in adults with HIV infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of the COMT Val158Met Polymorphism in Major Depressive Disorder: Effect of Ethnicity.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2016Pooled it
- Longitudinal associations between depression, substance use, and immune activation and inflammation: A secondary analysis of men who have sex with men living with HIV in Brazil (HPTN 063).Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Disease Biomarker Detection and Clinical Prospects.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Review
- Prevalence of common mental health disorders and associated factors among adolescents and young people living with HIV in Lusaka, Zambia.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Inside out: TNFa-RII and sexualized drug use in acute HIV predicts persistent depressive symptoms despite antiretroviral therapy.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- The association of HIV status and depressive symptoms in the Ndlovu Cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders and Their Associated Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV in Rwanda: A Cross-Sectional Study.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Sera from people with HIV and depression induce commensurate metabolic alterations in astrocytes: toward precision diagnoses and therapies.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- Serotonin Levels in Newly-Infected HIV-Positive: A Preliminary Study.Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) · 2024Article
- Microbes and Mental Illness: Past, Present, and Future.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Bidirectional Relationship between HIV/HBV Infection and Comorbid Depression and/or Anxiety: A Systematic Review on Shared Biological Mechanisms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Graphene-Based Field-Effect Transistors in Biosensing and Neural Interfacing Applications: Recent Advances and Prospects.Analytical chemistry · 2023Review
- Depression and HIV: a scoping review in search of neuroimmune biomarkers.Brain communications · 2023Article
- The comorbidity of depression and neurocognitive disorder in persons with HIV infection: call for investigation and treatment.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cognitive performance in a South African cohort of people with HIV and comorbid major depressive disorder.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- Neuroinflammation in HIV-associated depression: evidence and future perspectives.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the era of greatly improved pharmacological treatment of HIV infection through highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV patients experience reduced viral loads, reduced opportunistic infections, increased CD4+ T cell count, and greater life expectancy. Although life expectancy is increased, patients often develop neurological disturbances that may persist for long periods, seriously jeopardizing quality of life and adherence to the medication protocols of HAART. For these reasons, HIV-associated neurological disorders have gained importance in both clinical and basic investigations of HIV infection. Depression is the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder among people living with HIV. In this review, we discuss how HIV can predispose infected individuals to depression by several interrelated mechanisms. These include inducing chronic elevation of cytokines through activation of microglia and astrocytes; decreasing monoaminergic function; inducing neurotoxicity, especially in dopaminergic neurons; and reducing brain-derived neurotrophic factor. These viral pathways interact with psychosocial factors to create the depressive state. HIV depression has a great impact on quality of life and implementation of antiretroviral therapy, and thus, recognition of these modes of action is significant for understanding HIV neuropathology and for selecting modalities for pharmacologic treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.