ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2013
M-CSF increases proliferation and phagocytosis while modulating receptor and transcription factor expression in adult human microglia.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Domoic acid induces developmental stage-specific effects on microglia in zebrafish.Harmful algae · 2025Article
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- The Rise of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Glia Models of Neuroinflammation.Neurology international · 2025Review
- PU.1 dictates β-amyloid-induced TREM2 expression upregulation in microglia in a transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- AssessingFrontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Macrophages and HLA-Class II Alleles in Multiple Sclerosis: Insights in Therapeutic Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
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- Mechanism of Notch Signaling Pathway in Malignant Progression of Glioblastoma and Targeted Therapy.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- In major dysmood disorder, physiosomatic, chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia symptoms are driven by immune activation and increased immune-associated neurotoxicity.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Parasite-induced IFN-γ regulates host defense via CD115 and mTOR-dependent mechanism of tissue-resident macrophage death.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Dysregulated neuroimmune interactions and sustained type I interferon signaling after human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human iPSC derived microglia and cerebral organoids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Understanding the Role of the Glial Scar through the Depletion of Glial Cells after Spinal Cord Injury.Cells · 2023Review
- Imaging of Tauopathies with PET Ligands: State of the Art and Future Outlook.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicroglia are the primary immune cells of the brain whose phenotype largely depends on their surrounding micro-environment. Microglia respond to a multitude of soluble molecules produced by a variety of brain cells. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a cytokine found in the brain whose receptor is expressed by microglia. Previous studies suggest a critical role for M-CSF in brain development and normal functioning as well as in several disease processes involving neuroinflammation.
methodsUsing biopsy tissue from patients with intractable temporal epilepsy and autopsy tissue, we cultured primary adult human microglia to investigate their response to M-CSF. Mixed glial cultures were treated with 25 ng/ml M-CSF for 96 hours. Proliferation and phagocytosis assays, and high through-put immunocytochemistry, microscopy and image analysis were performed to investigate microglial phenotype and function.
resultsWe found that the phenotype of primary adult human microglia was markedly changed following exposure to M-CSF. A greater number of microglia were present in the M-CSF- treated cultures as the percentage of proliferating (BrdU and Ki67-positive) microglia was greatly increased. A number of changes in protein expression occurred following M-CSF treatment, including increased transcription factors PU.1 and C/EBPβ, increased DAP12 adaptor protein, increased M-CSF receptor (CSF-1R) and IGF-1 receptor, and reduced HLA-DP, DQ, DR antigen presentation protein. Furthermore, a distinct morphological change was observed with elongation of microglial processes. These changes in phenotype were accompanied by a functional increase in phagocytosis of Aβ1-42 peptide.
conclusionsWe show here that the cytokine M-CSF dramatically influences the phenotype of adult human microglia. These results pave the way for future investigation of M-CSF-related targets for human therapeutic benefit.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.