ReviewJournal of neuroinflammation2013
Down's syndrome, neuroinflammation, and Alzheimer neuropathogenesis.
Review in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of transcriptomic data reveals clusters of consistently deregulated gene and disease ontologies in Down syndrome.PLoS computational biology · 2021Pooled it
- Inverse relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer, and other factors contributing to Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.BMC neurology · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- An Altered Relationship between Soluble TREM2 and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults with Down Syndrome: A Preliminary Report.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Trial
- Periodontitis and Alzheimer's disease, common pathways in down syndrome.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Telomere Biology, Erosion, and Age-Related Conditions: Insights from Down Syndrome and Other Telomere-Associated Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Regional differences in astrocytic Aquaporin-4 protein levels and distribution in aging and Alzheimer's disease in down syndrome.Neurobiology of disease · 2025Article
- Targeting dysregulated CB1 receptors in a Down syndrome mouse model improves neurological outcomes.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Vertebrate and Invertebrate Animal Models for the Study of Down Syndrome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cholinotrophic basal forebrain connectome dysfunction in Down syndrome with and without dementia.iScience · 2025Article
- Interferon signaling modulates Down syndrome-associated Alzheimer's disease pathology in a mouse model.iScience · 2025Article
- Targeting neuroinflammation: 3-monothiopomalidomide a new drug candidate to mitigate traumatic brain injury and neurodegeneration.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Lipoprotein(a) levels in Down syndrome: A conundrum.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Copy number normalization distinguishes differential signals driven by copy number differences in ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- A neuropathology case report of a woman with Down syndrome who remained cognitively stable: Implications for resilience to neuropathology.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Exploring peripheral fluid biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease in Down syndrome: A literature review.Heliyon · 2025Review
- Metformin modulates oxidative stress via activation of AMPK/NF-κB signaling in Trisomy 21 fibroblasts: anFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Current insights and prospects for the pathogenesis and treatment of clinical manifestations associated with Down syndrome through neurotransmitter, inflammatory, and oxidative stress pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Neuropathology of trisomy 21 mosaicism in a case with early-onset dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Blood biomarkers in Down syndrome: Facilitating Alzheimer's disease detection and monitoring.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the result of triplication of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and is the prevailing cause of mental retardation. In addition to the mental deficiencies and physical anomalies noted at birth, triplication of chromosome 21 gene products results in the neuropathological and cognitive changes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mapping of the gene that encodes the precursor protein (APP) of the β-amyloid (Aβ) present in the Aβ plaques in both AD and DS to chromosome 21 was strong evidence that this chromosome 21 gene product was a principal neuropathogenic culprit in AD as well as DS. The discovery of neuroinflammatory changes, including dramatic proliferation of activated glia overexpressing a chromosome 2 gene product--the pluripotent immune cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1)--and a chromosome 21 gene product--S100B--in the brains of fetuses, neonates, and children with DS opened the possibility that early events in Alzheimer pathogenesis were driven by cytokines. The specific chromosome 21 gene products and the complexity of the mechanisms they engender that give rise to the neuroinflammatory responses noted in fetal development of the DS brain and their potential as accelerators of Alzheimer neuropathogenesis in DS are topics of this review, particularly as they relate to development and propagation of neuroinflammation, the consequences of which are recognized clinically and neuropathologically as Alzheimer's disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.