ArticleBMC infectious diseases2013
Cerebrospinal-fluid cytokine and chemokine profile in patients with pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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42 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Recurrent headache as the earliest sign of delayed cerebral vasculopathy during recovery from pneumococcal meningitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- CSF Leukocytes in Intracranial Infections: Diagnostic, Mechanistic, and Therapeutic Insights for Neurocritical Care.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Evaluating the diagnostic significance of biomarkers in ventriculitis through a multivariate correlation study in a tertiary care center.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Group B Streptococci lyse endothelial cells to infect the brain in a zebrafish meningitis model.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Relationship between depression and oral microbiome diversity: analysis of NHANES data (2009-2012).BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Delayed cerebral vasculopathy following pneumococcal meningitis: a case report.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- [Therapeutic effects of inulin-type oligosaccharides ofNan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of streptococcal disruption of the blood-brain barrier and their pathogenic role in bacterial meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Understanding the mechanisms ofTissue barriers · 2025Review
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- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokines and chemokines exhibit distinct profiles in bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
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- Evaluation of human β‑defensins in the cerebrospinal fluid of suspected meningitis.Biomedical reports · 2023Article
- Bacterial meningitis in Africa.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
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- Herbal melanin induces interleukin-1β secretion and production by human THP-1 monocytes via Toll-like receptor 2 and p38 MAPK activation.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Transcriptomic Analysis in Pediatric Central Nervous System Infections.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacterial meningitis is characterized by an intense inflammatory reaction contributing to neuronal damage. The aim of this study was to obtain a comparative analysis of cytokines and chemokines in patients with pneumococcal (PM) and meningococcal meningitis (MM) considering that a clear difference between the immune response induced by these pathogens remains unclear.
methodsThe cyto/chemokines, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-1Ra, CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, CLL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1γ and G-CSF, were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with PM and MM. Additionally, a literature review about the expression of cytokines in CSF samples of patients with MB was made.
resultsConcerning cytokines levels, only IFN-γ was significantly higher in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae compared to those with Neisseria meningitidis, regardless of the time when the lumbar puncture (LP) was made. Furthermore, when samples were compared considering the timing of the LP, higher levels of TNF-α (P <0.05) were observed in MM patients whose LP was made within 48 h from the initial symptoms of disease. We also observed that the index of release of cyto/chemokines per cell was significantly higher in PM. From the literature review, it was observed that TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 are the best studied cytokines, while reports describing the concentration of the cytokine IL-2, IL-1Ra, G-CSF and CCL4/MIP-1β in CSF samples of patients with bacterial meningitis were not found.
conclusionThe data obtained in this study and the previously published data show a similar profile of cytokine expression during PM and MM. Nevertheless, the high levels of IFN-γ and the ability to release high levels of cytokines with a low number of cells are important factors to be considered in the pathogenesis of PM and thereby should be further investigated. Moreover, differences in the early response induced by the pathogens were observed. However, the differences observed are not sufficient to trigger changes in the current therapy of corticosteroids adopted in both the PM and MM.
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