ArticleJournal of virology2013
Human cytomegalovirus interleukin-10 polarizes monocytes toward a deactivated M2c phenotype to repress host immune responses.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Detection of Human CytomegalovirusThe journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2026Article
- Is the vIL-10 Protein from Cytomegalovirus Associated with the Potential Development of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?Viruses · 2025Review
- An IL-2 mutein increases regulatory T cell suppression of dendritic cells via IL-10 and CTLA-4 to promote T cell anergy.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Unmasking the hidden impact of viruses on tuberculosis risk.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Single-cell RNA profiling reveals classification and characteristics of mononuclear phagocytes in colorectal cancer.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- An IL-2 mutein increases IL-10 and CTLA-4-dependent suppression of dendritic cells by regulatory T cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The Human Myofibroblast Marker Xylosyltransferase-I: A New Indicator for Macrophage Polarization.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Mechanism and Regulation of Microglia Polarization in Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- The Basis and Advances in Clinical Application of Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma Multiforme.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels are associated with macrophage infiltration into tumor tissues of glioma patients.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Macrophages in SHH subgroup medulloblastoma display dynamic heterogeneity that varies with treatment modality.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Cytomegalovirus infection: friend or foe in rheumatoid arthritis?Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Review
- The Activated Macrophage - A Tough Fortress for Virus Invasion: How Viruses Strike Back.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- M2-Polarized Macrophages Determine Human Cutaneous Lesions in Lacaziosis.Mycopathologia · 2020Article
- Loss of IL-10 signaling in macrophages limits bacterial killing driven by prostaglandin E2.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Interleukin 10 Homologs: Facing the Immune System.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Cytomegaloviruses and Macrophages-Friends and Foes From Early on?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The Differentiation of Human Cytomegalovirus Infected-Monocytes Is Required for Viral Replication.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genes encode products that modulate cellular functions in a manner likely to enhance viral pathogenesis. This includes UL111A, which encodes homologs of human interleukin-10 (hIL-10). Depending upon signals received, monocytes and macrophages become polarized to either classically activated (M1 proinflammatory) or alternatively activated (M2 anti-inflammatory) subsets. Skewing of polarization toward an M2 subset may benefit the virus by limiting the proinflammatory responses to infection, and so we determined whether HCMV-encoded viral IL-10 influenced monocyte polarization. Recombinant viral IL-10 protein polarized CD14(+) monocytes toward an anti-inflammatory M2 subset with an M2c phenotype, as demonstrated by high expression of CD163 and CD14 and suppression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II. Significantly, in the context of productive HCMV infection, viral IL-10 produced by infected cells polarized uninfected monocytes toward an M2c phenotype. We also assessed the impact of viral IL-10 on heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), which is an enzyme linked with suppression of inflammatory responses. Polarization of monocytes by viral IL-10 resulted in upregulation of HO-1, and inhibition of HO-1 function resulted in a loss of capacity of viral IL-10 to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β, implicating HO-1 in viral IL-10-induced suppression of proinflammatory cytokines by M2c monocytes. In addition, a functional consequence of monocytes polarized with viral IL-10 was a decreased capacity to activate CD4(+) T cells. This study identifies a novel role for viral IL-10 in driving M2c polarization, which may limit virus clearance by restricting proinflammatory and CD4(+) T cell responses at sites of infection.
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