ArticlePloS one2013
Innate immune receptors in human airway smooth muscle cells: activation by TLR1/2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and NOD1 agonists.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Association of EnterotoxigenicCancers · 2025Article
- Toll-like receptor activation induces airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Complexities of Toll-like Receptors: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- NOD-like receptors in asthma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Inflammasome Contribution to the Activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Immune Responses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Protective Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on Allergic Asthma.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2021Review
- Vitamin D3 Attenuates Viral-Induced Inflammation and Fibrotic Responses in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 mRNA in PBMCs Is Upregulated in Smokers and Decreases Upon Smoking Cessation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- NOD-like receptors mediate inflammatory lung injury during plateau hypoxia exposure.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2020Article
- Effects of TLR agonists on immune responses in Trichinella spiralis infected mice.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Analysis of the Mechanism of Zhichuanling Oral Liquid in Treating Bronchial Asthma Based on Network Pharmacology.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- The Combinations Chitosan-PamInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- The role of the innate immune system on pulmonary infections.Biological chemistry · 2019Review
- Comparative analysis of expression of microbial sensing molecules in mucosal tissues with periodontal disease.Immunobiology · 2019Article
- New insights into Nod-like receptors (NLRs) in liver diseases.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2018Review
- Asthma Biomarkers: Do They Bring Precision Medicine Closer to the Clinic?Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2017Review
- α-bisabolol-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice.International journal of nanomedicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), recognize microbial components and trigger a host defense response. Respiratory tract infections are common causes of asthma exacerbations, suggesting a role for PRRs in this process. The present study aimed to examine the expression and function of PRRs on human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs).
methodsExpression of TLR, NLR and RLR mRNA and proteins was determined using real-time RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The functional responses to ligand stimulation were investigated in terms of cytokine and chemokine release, cell surface marker expression, proliferation and proteins regulating the contractile state.
resultsHASMCs expressed functional TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and NOD1. Stimulation with the corresponding agonists Pam3CSK4, poly(I:C), LPS, R-837 and iE-DAP, respectively, induced IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF release and up-regulation of ICAM-1 and HLA-DR, while poly(I:C) also affected the release of eotaxin and RANTES. The proliferative response was slightly increased by LPS. Stimulation, most prominently with poly(I:C), down-regulated myosin light chain kinase and cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor expression and up-regulated β2-adrenoceptor expression. No effects were seen for agonist to TLR2/6, TLR5, TLR8, TLR9, NOD2 or RIG-I/MDA-5.
conclusionActivation of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7 and NOD1 favors a synthetic phenotype, characterized by an increased ability to release inflammatory mediators, acquire immunomodulatory properties by recruiting and interacting with other cells, and reduce the contractile state. The PRRs might therefore be of therapeutic use in the management of asthma and infection-induced disease exacerbations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.