ArticlePloS one2013
Follicular helper T Cells (Tfh) and IL-21 involvement in the pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Double-Blind, Phase I, Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of BOS161721 in Healthy Subjects.Clinical and translational science · 2020Trial
- T cell participation in autoreactivity to NC16a epitopes in bullous pemphigoid.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Trial
- CD20+ T follicular helper-like cells drive antigen-specific autoimmunity in bullous pemphigoid.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Regulatory T cells in bullous pemphigoid: biological characteristics, dysfunction, and pathogenic roles.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunophenotypic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Bullous Pemphigoid.Annals of dermatology · 2025Article
- Autoimmune bullous diseases: pathogenesis and clinical management.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Single cell transcriptome profiling reveals pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid.Communications biology · 2025Article
- JAK-STAT pathway, type I/II cytokines, and new potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune bullous diseases: update on pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Th Pathways in Immune-Mediated Skin Disorders: A Guide for Strategic Treatment Decisions.Immune network · 2024Review
- A Case of Bullous Pemphigoid with Significant Infiltration of CD4-Positive T Cells during Treatment with Pembrolizumab, Accompanied by Pembrolizumab-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics analysis of bullous pemphigoid unveils immune-stromal crosstalk in type 2 inflammatory disease.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genetic Association and Differential RNA Expression of Histone (De)Acetylation-Related Genes in Pemphigus Foliaceus-A Possible Epigenetic Effect in the Autoimmune Response.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Targeting interleukin 4 and interleukin 13: a novel therapeutic approach in bullous pemphigoid.Annals of medicine · 2023Review
- Self-reactive IgE and anti-IgE therapy in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- The cytokine milieu of bullous pemphigoid: Current and novel therapeutic targets.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Adaptive and innate immune pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid: A review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Understanding CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Dupilumab effectively and rapidly treats bullous pemphigoid by inhibiting the activities of multiple cell types.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Bullous Pemphigoid Associated with Anti-programmed Cell Death Protein 1 and Anti-programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Therapy: A Review of the Literature.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2021Review
- Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Strategies for Refractory Bullous Pemphigoid.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathogenesis of bullous pemphigoid (BP) is characterized by the T cell-dependent production of autoantibodies. Recent studies have indicated that follicular T helper cells (Tfh), the key modulator of B cell activation and autoantibody production, are critical in the development of several autoimmune diseases. Tfh cells perform their functions via IL-21, their hallmark cytokine. In the present study, the frequencies of Tfh cells were investigated in the peripheral blood samples of BP patients to evaluate whether Tfh cells involve in this clinical entity. Significantly higher Tfh cell counts were observed in the peripheral blood of BP patients than those in healthy controls (median: 11.25% vs. 4.95%, respectively; P<0.001). Additionally, the serum IL-21 levels in BP patients were higher than those of the healthy controls (median: 103.98 pg/mL vs 46.77 pg/mL, respectively; P<0.001). The frequencies of Tfh cells and IL-21 levels were both positively correlated with anti-BP180-NC16A autoantibody titers (R = 0.712, P<0.01 and R = 0.578, P = 0.030, respectively). After effective therapy, the frequencies of Tfh cells as well as the serum IL-21 levels in BP patients decreased along with clinical improvement. Most importantly, Tfh depleted CD4(+) T cells and anti-IL-21 neutralization antibody could inhibit the T cell-induced B cell activation and secretion of BP autoantibody in vitro. Those results suggest that Tfh cells play an important role in autoantibody production and are involved in the pathogenesis of BP.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.