ArticleDigestive diseases and sciences2013
Betaine protects against high-fat-diet-induced liver injury by inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 and Toll-like receptor 4 expression in rats.
Article in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lycium chinense Miller fruit extract lowers liver enzyme levels in subjects with mild hepatic dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Betaine in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Potential.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Betaine as a regulator of metabolism, epigenetics, and cellular osmoprotection: therapeutic implications in cardiometabolic and renal diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Profiling of RNA N6-Methyladenosine methylation reveals the critical role of m6A in betaine alleviating hepatic steatosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exercise-mimicking effects of betaine in chronic disease prevention and management.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Betaine regulates the gut-liver axis: a therapeutic approach for chronic liver diseases.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Betaine Supplementation Into High-Carbohydrate Diets Improves Feed Efficiency and Liver Health ofAquaculture nutrition · 2024Article
- High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1): Potential Target in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy.Cells · 2023Review
- Sirtuin 1 alleviates alcoholic liver disease by inhibiting HMGB1 acetylation and translocation.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Betaine Alleviates LPS-Induced Chicken Skeletal Muscle Inflammation with the Epigenetic Modulation of the TLR4 Gene.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Effects of Amino Acids Supplementation on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in HepG2 Cells.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Betaine Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Disruptionof Hepatic Lipid and Iron Homeostasis in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Betaine in ameliorating alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis.European journal of nutrition · 2022Review
- Betaine Supplementation Causes an Increase in Fatty Acid Oxidation and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Livers of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: A Proteomic Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2021Review
- Blueberry Counteracts Prediabetes in a Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Rat Model and Rescues Hepatic Mitochondrial Bioenergetics.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Article
- Betaine inhibits Toll-like receptor 4 responses and restores intestinal microbiota in acute liver failure mice.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- High-Mobility Group Box-1 Is Associated With Obesity, Inflammation, and Subclinical Cardiovascular Risk Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesPrevious studies have shown that betaine prevents alcohol-induced liver injury and improves liver function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of betaine on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to observe changes of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling.
methodsThirty rats were randomly divided into control, model, and betaine groups. The rats in the model and betaine groups were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce an animal model of NAFLD. The rats in the betaine group were then intragastrically administered betaine solution at a dose of 400 mg/kg per day for four weeks. Liver histology was examined. Serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, FFA, HMGB1, NF-κB, TLR4, and tHcy were determined and intrahepatic TC, TG, and Hcy levels were assayed. mRNA expression and protein levels of HMGB1, NF-κB, and TLR4 in liver tissue were also determined.
resultsCompared with the control group, rats in the model group developed severe liver injury, accompanied by significant increases in serum levels of ALT, AST, TC, TG, LDL-C, FFA, HMGB1, NF-κB, and TLR4, intrahepatic TC, TG, and Hcy content, histological scores for steatosis, inflammation, and necrosis, and mRNA expression and protein levels of HMGB1, NF-κB, and TLR4, and a significant decrease in serum HDL-C (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, all these indicators were significantly improved by administration of betaine (P < 0.05).
conclusionsBetaine effectively protects against high-fat-diet-induced NAFLD and improves liver function; the mechanism is probably related to inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathways.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.