ArticleNeuroepidemiology2013
What do parents have to do with my cognitive reserve? Life course perspectives on twelve-year cognitive decline.
Article in Neuroepidemiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Retest effects in working memory capacity tests: A meta-analysis.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2018Pooled it
- The role of life-course socioeconomic position in cognitive change and mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older US Hispanic/Latinos.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Depressive symptoms but not chronic stress mediate the link between income and cognition in Latino and Black older adults: findings from the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026Article
- The impact of early childhood adversity on adult cognitive performance: The mediating roles of childhood cognitive ability and educational attainment.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Life course socioeconomic position and cognitive aging in later life: A scoping review.Advances in life course research · 2025Article
- The mediating role of life course cognitive reserve-enhancing factors in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and dementia among older adults: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the United States.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Longitudinal influences of adverse childhood experience patterns on mental health among older Chinese people.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Late-Life Informal Social Participation, Physical and Cognitive Functions Among the Chinese Elderly: A Life Course Perspective.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Cognitive reserve proxies are associated with age-related cognitive decline - Not age-related gait speed decline.Neurobiology of aging · 2024Article
- Disparate benefits of higher childhood socioeconomic status on cognition in young adulthood by intersectional social positions.Advances in life course research · 2024Article
- My Parent, Myself, or My Child: Whose Education Matters Most for Trajectories of Cognitive Aging in Middle Age?American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Pattern of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling elderly in Egypt and its relation to socioeconomic status.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2024Article
- Childhood and Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Cognitive Function in the Adult Population of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Links between early-life contextual factors and later-life cognition and the role of educational attainment.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Direct Effect of Life-Course Socioeconomic Status on Late-Life Cognition and Cognitive Decline in the Rush Memory and Aging Project.American journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Life course linkages between enriching early-life activities and later life cognition: Evidence from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2022Article
- The long arm of childhood socioeconomic deprivation on mid- to later-life cognitive trajectories: A cross-cohort analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Race, Childhood Socioeconomic Status, and Region of Childhood Residence as Intersectional Life-Course Predictors of Cognitive Aging in the United States.Innovation in aging · 2022Article
- Life Course Pathways From Childhood Socioeconomic Status to Later-Life Cognition: Evidence From the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2021Article
- Lifecourse socioeconomic changes and late-life cognition in a cohort of U.S.-born and U.S. immigrants: findings from the KHANDLE study.BMC public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsTo examine the cognitive reserve hypothesis by comparing the contribution of early childhood and life course factors related to cognitive functioning in a nationally representative sample of older Americans.
methodsWe examined a prospective, national probability cohort study (Health and Retirement Study; 1998-2010) of older adults (n=8,833) in the contiguous 48 United States. The main cognitive functioning outcome was a 35-point composite of memory (recall), mental status, and working memory tests. The main predictors were childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) and health, and individual-level adult achievement and health.
resultsIndividual-level achievement indicators (i.e., education, income, and wealth) were positively and significantly associated with baseline cognitive function, while adult health was negatively associated with cognitive function. Controlling for individual-level adult achievement and other model covariates, childhood health presented a relatively small negative, but statistically significant association with initial cognitive function. Neither individual achievement nor childhood SEP was statistically linked to decline over time.
conclusionsCognitive reserve purportedly acquired through learning and mental stimulation across the life course was associated with higher initial global cognitive functioning over the 12-year period in this nationally representative study of older Americans. We found little supporting evidence that childhood economic conditions were negatively associated with cognitive function and change, particularly when individual-level achievement is considered.
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