ReviewToxins2013
Mini-review: novel therapeutic strategies to blunt actions of pneumolysin in the lungs.
Review in Toxins, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pneumolysin as a target for new therapies against pneumococcal infections: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Randomized controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccine formulations containing PhtD and detoxified pneumolysin with alum or adjuvant system AS02V in elderly adults.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Trial
- Advances in Kaempferol: Extraction, Biosynthesis, and Application with Antibacterial Agents.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The lectin-like domain of TNF reduces pneumonia-induced injury in the perfused human lung.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Story of Pore-Forming Proteins from Deadly Disease-Causing Agents to Modern Applications with Evolutionary Significance.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Review
- The Epithelial Sodium Channel-An Underestimated Drug Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cholesterol dependent cytolysins and the brain: Revealing a potential therapeutic avenue for bacterial meningitis.AIMS microbiology · 2023Review
- Modulation of innate immunity in airway epithelium for host-directed therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Microvesicles released from pneumolysin-stimulated lung epithelial cells carry mitochondrial cargo and suppress neutrophil oxidative burst.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Review
- Mapping of Recognition Sites of Monoclonal Antibodies Responsible for the Inhibition of Pneumolysin Functional Activity.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Pharmacological Targeting of Pore-Forming Toxins as Adjunctive Therapy for Invasive Bacterial Infection.Toxins · 2018Review
- Multifaceted Role of Pneumolysin in the Pathogenesis of Myocardial Injury in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Hsp70 Suppresses Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Preserves Pulmonary Microvascular Barrier Integrity Following Exposure to Bacterial Toxins.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Cytokine-Ion Channel Interactions in Pulmonary Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Pneumococcal Pneumolysin Induces DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Deletion analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae late competence genes distinguishes virulence determinants that are dependent or independent of competence induction.Molecular microbiology · 2015Article
- Inhalation therapy with the synthetic TIP-like peptide AP318 attenuates pulmonary inflammation in a porcine sepsis model.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2015Article
- New therapeutic approach to heart failure due to myocardial infarction based on targeting growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor.Oncotarget · 2015Article
- Conformational analysis of the Streptococcus pneumoniae hyaluronate lyase and characterization of its hyaluronan-specific carbohydrate-binding module.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe pneumonia is the main single cause of death worldwide in children under five years of age. The main etiological agent of pneumonia is the G+ bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae, which accounts for up to 45% of all cases. Intriguingly, patients can still die days after commencing antibiotic treatment due to the development of permeability edema, although the pathogen was successfully cleared from their lungs. This condition is characterized by a dramatically impaired alveolar epithelial-capillary barrier function and a dysfunction of the sodium transporters required for edema reabsorption, including the apically expressed epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the basolaterally expressed sodium potassium pump (Na+-K+-ATPase). The main agent inducing this edema formation is the virulence factor pneumolysin, a cholesterol-binding pore-forming toxin, released in the alveolar compartment of the lungs when pneumococci are being lysed by antibiotic treatment or upon autolysis. Sub-lytic concentrations of pneumolysin can cause endothelial barrier dysfunction and can impair ENaC-mediated sodium uptake in type II alveolar epithelial cells. These events significantly contribute to the formation of permeability edema, for which currently no standard therapy is available. This review focuses on discussing some recent developments in the search for the novel therapeutic agents able to improve lung function despite the presence of pore-forming toxins. Such treatments could reduce the potentially lethal complications occurring after antibiotic treatment of patients with severe pneumonia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.