ArticleCurrent pharmaceutical design2013
Immunization against active ghrelin using virus-like particles for obesity treatment.
Article in Current pharmaceutical design, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bariatric Embolization of the Left Gastric Arteries for the Treatment of Obesity: 9-Month Data in 5 Patients.Obesity surgery · 2018Trial
- The Ghrelin-LEAP2 System in Obesity and Diabetes: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Potential.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Review
- Novel Pharmaceuticals in Appetite Regulation: Exploring emerging gut peptides and their pharmacological prospects.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2024Review
- Genetic or pharmacological GHSR blockade has sexually dimorphic effects in rodents on a high-fat diet.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Genetic or pharmacological GHSR blockade has sexually dimorphic effects in rodents on a high-fat diet.Research square · 2023Article
- GLP-1 Increases Circulating Leptin Levels in Truncal Vagotomized Rats.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Metabolic actions of the growth hormone-insulin growth factor-1 axis and its interaction with the central nervous system.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Nanoparticle- and Microparticle-Based Vaccines against Orbiviruses of Veterinary Importance.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Novel Noninvasive Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity: From Pharmacotherapy to Gene Therapy.Endocrine reviews · 2022Review
- Pharmacological Modulation of Ghrelin to Induce Weight Loss: Successes and Challenges.Current diabetes reports · 2019Review
- Bariatric Arterial Embolization: Effect of Microsphere Size on the Suppression of Fundal Ghrelin Expression and Weight Change in a Swine Model.Radiology · 2018Article
- Ferritin-based drug delivery systems: Hybrid nanocarriers for vascular immunotargeting.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018Review
- Nanogel-based nasal ghrelin vaccine prevents obesity.Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the Ghrelin Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- The application of virus-like particles as vaccines and biological vehicles.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2015Review
- Anti-ghrelin antibodies in appetite suppression: recent advances in obesity pharmacotherapy.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2015Review
- Obesity vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ghrelin is a gut hormone that stimulates food intake. In physiological conditions, ghrelin plasma levels rise with fasting and decrease after meals. Obese individuals have low fasting ghrelin levels that rise after food restriction, which is pointed out as a reason for the difficulty in maintaining weight loss. Some bariatric surgery procedures prevent rise in ghrelin levels with weight loss and this has been hypothesised to contribute to the long-term success of the treatment. The main goal of this study was to develop a safe and effective anti-ghrelin vaccine for obesity, through the chemical conjugation of ghrelin with a virus like particle, namely NS1 protein tubules from the Bluetongue Virus (BTV) using a hetero-bifunctional cross linker. Male adult C57BL/6 mice, with a normal weight and with diet-induced obesity (DIO), were randomized into six weight matched groups (n=6/group) and each group of mice received three intra-peritoneal injections with two weeks intervals, containing either 75 μg of ghrelin- NS1 immunoconjugate, 75 μg of NS1 or PBS. Our data show that immunized animals present increasing titres of anti-ghrelin antibodies, while their cumulative food intake significantly decreased and energy expenditure was significantly enhanced, although there were no significative changes in body weight.Vaccinated DIO mice also displayed significant decrease of NPY gene expression in the basal hypothalamus reflecting a decrease in central orexigenic signals. This study suggests that this anti-ghrelin vaccine has a positive impact on energy homeostasis and may be an additional therapeutical tool to be used with diet and exercise for obesity treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.