ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2013
B cell-specific deficiencies in mTOR limit humoral immune responses.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A guide to B cell metabolism.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- B cell-intrinsic Ssu72 phosphatase is a key regulator of allergic asthma.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Temsirolimus safety evaluation: real-world adverse event analysis from the FDA adverse event reporting system database.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- PTEN-mTORC2 signaling module controls antibody isotype selection and antiviral humoral immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Targeting mTOR in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Immune Cell Dysfunction to Clinical Translation.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- Biphasic control of the B cell transcriptome by mTORC1 and GSK3.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Autophagy Differentially Influences Toll-like Receptor 9 and B Cell-Receptor-Mediated B Cell Expansion, Expression of Major Histocompatibility Class II Proteins, and Antigenic Peptide Presentation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- mTOR Modulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via Nuclear Translocation and STAT1 Inhibition.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosinem modifications analysis of chicken cecum in responding toFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activation in Macrophages Contributes to Persistent Lung Inflammation following Respiratory Tract Viral Infection.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Prednisolone and rapamycin reduce the plasma cell gene signature and may improve AAV gene therapy in cynomolgus macaques.Gene therapy · 2024Article
- Review
- mTOR regulates T cell exhaustion and PD-1-targeted immunotherapy response during chronic viral infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Medical Aspects of mTOR Inhibition in Kidney Transplantation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Metabolic control of epigenetic rearrangements in B cell pathophysiology.Open biology · 2022Review
- Conditional deletion of mTOR discloses its essential role in early B-cell development.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2022Article
- Residual effects of busulfan and irradiation on murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.Experimental hematology · 2022Article
- The metabolic plasticity of B cells.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Generation of high-affinity Abs in response to Ags/infectious agents is essential for developing long-lasting immune responses. B cell maturation and Ab responses to Ag stimulation require Ig somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) for high-affinity responses. Upon immunization with either the model Ag 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl hapten (NP) conjugated to chicken γ globulin lysine (NP-CGG) or heat-killed Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular type 14 protein (Pn14), knock-in (KI) mice hypomorphic for mTOR function had a decreased ability to form germinal centers, develop high-affinity anti-NP-specific or anti-Pn14-specific Abs, and perform SHM/CSR. Hypomorphic mTOR mice also had a high mortality (40%) compared with wild-type (WT) (0%) littermates and had lower pneumococcal surface protein A-specific Ab titers when immunized and challenged with live S. pneumoniae infection. Mice with mTOR deleted in their B cell lineage (knockout [KO]) also produced fewer splenic germinal centers and decreased high-affinity Ab responses to NP-CGG than did their WT littermates. CSR rates were lower in mTOR KI and KO mice, and pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR in WT B cells resulted in decreased rates of ex vivo CSR. RNA and protein levels of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a protein essential for SHM and CSR, were lower in B cells from both KI and B cell-specific KO mice, concomitant with increases in phosphorylated AKT and FOXO1. Rescue experiments increasing AID expression in KI B cells restored CSR levels to those in WT B cells. Thus, mTOR plays an important immunoregulatory role in the germinal center, at least partially through AID signaling, in generating high-affinity Abs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.