ArticlePediatric research2013
Fetal and infant growth predict hip geometry at 6 y old: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey.
Article in Pediatric research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Placental Size Is Associated Differentially With Postnatal Bone Size and Density.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2016Trial
- Early Life Programming of Skeletal Health.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Observational
- Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe investigated relationships between early growth and proximal femoral geometry at age 6 y in a prospective population-based cohort, the Southampton Women's Survey.
methodsIn 493 mother-offspring pairs, we assessed linear size using high-resolution ultrasound at 11, 19, and 34 wk gestation (femur length) and at birth and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 y (crown-heel length/height). SD scores were created and conditional regression modeling generated mutually independent growth variables. Children underwent hip dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 6 y; hip structure analysis software yielded measures of geometry and strength.
resultsThere were strong associations between early linear growth and femoral neck section modulus (Z) at 6 y, with the strongest relationships observed for femur growth from 19 to 34 wk gestation (β = 0.26 cm(3)/SD, P < 0.0001), and for height growth from birth to 1 y (β = 0.25 cm(3)/SD, P < 0.0001) and 1 to 2 y (β = 0.33 cm(3)/SD, P < 0.0001), with progressively weaker relationships over years 3 (β = 0.23 cm(3)/SD, P = 0.0002) and 4 (β = 0.10 cm(3)/SD, P = 0.18).
conclusionThese results demonstrate that growth before age 3 y predicts proximal femoral geometry at 6 y old. These data suggest critical periods in which there is capacity for long-term influence on the later skeletal growth trajectory.
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