SynthesisGut2014
Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hospitalisation for community-acquired pneumonia: replicated cohort studies with meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Gut, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02555852 (Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hospitalization for Community-acquired Pneumonia), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hospitalization for Community-acquired Pneumonia: Replicated Cohort Studies With Meta-analysis
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton pump inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors and risk of hip fracture: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Pooled it
- Associations of Proton-Pump Inhibitors and H2 Receptor Antagonists with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2017Pooled it
- Guideline
- Data management and data analysis techniques in pharmacoepidemiological studies using a pre-planned multi-database approach: a systematic literature review.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2015Pooled it
- Risk of community-acquired pneumonia with outpatient proton-pump inhibitor therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Repeated Famotidine Administration Results in a Diminished Effect on Intragastric pH in Dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2017Trial
- Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Hospitalization for Infectious Gastroenteritis.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Causal Effects of Early Discontinuation of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Kidney Failure.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Assessing Research Impact With Bibliometrics and Altmetrics: The Case of the Canadian Network for Observational Drug Effect Studies (CNODES).Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Core Concepts in Pharmacoepidemiology: Multi-Database Distributed Data Networks.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Review
- PPI in preventing gastrointestinal injury in minor ischemic stroke or TIA patients at low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding treated with short-term dual antiplatelet therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- GERD: Latest update on acid-suppressant drugs.Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2024Article
- Risk of pneumonia associated with proton pump inhibitor use.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Appropriateness of proton pump inhibitors use in noncritically ill hospitalized children in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- Review
- Deprescribing proton pump inhibitors.Singapore medical journal · 2023Article
- Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of pneumonia: a self-controlled case series study.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Association between proton pump inhibitors and rhabdomyolysis risk: a post-marketing surveillance using FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2023Article
- Generating synthetic data from administrative health records for drug safety and effectiveness studies.International journal of population data science · 2023Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious observational studies suggest that the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase the risk of hospitalisation for community-acquired pneumonia (HCAP). However, the potential presence of confounding and protopathic biases limits the conclusions that can be drawn from these studies. Our objective was, therefore, to examine the risk of HCAP with PPIs prescribed prophylactically in new users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
designWe formed eight restricted cohorts of new users of NSAIDs, aged ≥40 years, using a common protocol in eight databases (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, US MarketScan and the UK's General Practice Research Database (GPRD)). This specific patient population was studied to minimise bias due to unmeasured confounders. High-dimensional propensity scores were used to estimate site-specific adjusted ORs (aORs) for HCAP at 6 months in PPI patients compared with unexposed patients. Fixed-effects meta-analytic models were used to estimate overall effects across databases.
resultsOf the 4,238,504 new users of NSAIDs, 2.3% also started a PPI. The cumulative 6-month incidence of HCAP was 0.17% among patients prescribed PPIs and 0.12% in unexposed patients. After adjustment, PPIs were not associated with an increased risk of HCAP (aOR=1.05; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.25). Histamine-2 receptor antagonists yielded similar results (aOR=0.95, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.21).
conclusionsOur study does not support the proposition of a pharmacological effect of gastric acid suppressors on the risk of HCAP.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.