ArticleBMC ophthalmology2013
Tear lipid layer deficiency associated with incomplete blinking: a case report.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical characteristics of tic disorders in children and adolescents with the chief complaint of abnormal blinking.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The effect of incomplete blinking rate on corneal epithelial remodeling after trans-PRK surgery: a six-month study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Decrease in Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness in Patients with Keratoconus.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Mean Tear-Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Video Display Terminal Time as Risk Factors for Abnormal Blinking in Children.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Double Eyelid Tape Wear Affects Anterior Ocular Health among Young Adult Women with Single Eyelids.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Association between allergic conjunctivitis and provisional tic disorder in children.International ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Risk factors for severe Meibomian gland atrophy in a young adult population: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2017Article
- Hormone replacement therapy benefits meibomian gland dysfunction in perimenopausal women.Medicine · 2016Observational
- Tear instability importance, mechanisms, validity and reliability of assessment.Journal of optometryReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMeibomian gland obstruction induces hyposecretion of tear film lipids, which results in lipid layer deficiency and evaporative dry eye. Unfortunately, the importance of blinking in meibomian gland dysfunction has been largely overlooked, and it is not known whether incomplete blinking causes tear lipid deficiency, even in the unobstructed meibomian glands. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old woman suffering from foreign body sensations in her eyes was examined. The cornea was clear and tear secretion was normal. Lid margin abnormalities were not observed and the meibum was clear. However, the lipid layer was very thin, and the patient was given a diagnosis of incomplete blinking. The patient was made aware of her condition and asked to blink consciously and completely. After that, an immediate increase in lipid flow was observed.
conclusionTear lipid layer deficiency can occur with incomplete blinking, even though meibomian gland structures are intact. This case highlights the importance of complete blinking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.