ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
Trichomonas vaginalis exosomes deliver cargo to host cells and mediate host∶parasite interactions.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers.
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Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trichomonas vaginalis cathepsin D-like aspartic proteinase (Tv-CatD) is regulated by iron at different levels.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of pH andProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles ofJournal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Potential ofPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Chemotaxis and selective interactions ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of the Antimicrobial Peptide KR-20: Implications for Trichomoniasis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Influence of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility on regulation of gene expression duringmBio · 2026Article
- Exosomal nanocarriers of immune fate: molecular insights into cancer immunity, pathogen defense, and emerging immunotherapies.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular evolution and adaptations ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Biology, Host and Microbe Interactions of the Human Sexually Transmitted ParasiteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- An Evolutionarily Conserved Laterally Acquired Toolkit Enables Microbiota Targeting by Trichomonas.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Interactions between bacterial vaginosis-associated microbiota and Trichomonas vaginalis modulate parasite-induced pathogenicity and host immune responses.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Comparative genomics of the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis reveals genes involved in spillover from birds to humans.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Polystyrene nanoplastics disrupt the intestinal microenvironment by altering bacteria-host interactions through extracellular vesicle-delivered microRNAs.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis extracellular vesicles activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR3-mediated inflammatory cascades in host cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Advances in the study of extracellular vesicles of Naegleria fowleri and their role in contact-independent pathogenic mechanisms.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Host-Pathogen Cellular Communication: The Role of Dynamin, Clathrin, and Macropinocytosis in the Uptake of Giardia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Role of Membrane-Bound Extracellular Vesicles During Co-Stimulation and Conjugation in the CiliateMicroorganisms · 2025Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted parasite that colonizes the human urogential tract where it remains extracellular and adheres to epithelial cells. Infections range from asymptomatic to highly inflammatory, depending on the host and the parasite strain. Here, we use a combination of methodologies including cell fractionation, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, RNA, proteomic and cytokine analyses and cell adherence assays to examine pathogenic properties of T. vaginalis. We have found that T.vaginalis produces and secretes microvesicles with physical and biochemical properties similar to mammalian exosomes. The parasite-derived exosomes are characterized by the presence of RNA and core, conserved exosomal proteins as well as parasite-specific proteins. We demonstrate that T. vaginalis exosomes fuse with and deliver their contents to host cells and modulate host cell immune responses. Moreover, exosomes from highly adherent parasite strains increase the adherence of poorly adherent parasites to vaginal and prostate epithelial cells. In contrast, exosomes from poorly adherent strains had no measurable effect on parasite adherence. Exosomes from parasite strains that preferentially bind prostate cells increased binding of parasites to these cells relative to vaginal cells. In addition to establishing that parasite exosomes act to modulate host∶parasite interactions, these studies are the first to reveal a potential role for exosomes in promoting parasite∶parasite communication and host cell colonization.
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