SynthesisGut2014
Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Gut, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 11 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 837 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of MicroRNA Expression in Blood and Cytology Specimens as a Novel Method for Detecting Barrett's Esophagus
Quality of Life Among Patients With Chronic Esophageal Disorders : Spanish Translation and Validation of the Survey "Northwestern Esophageal Quality of Life Scale" in Hispanics
Open, Comparative Study To Evaluate The Performance And Safety Of The Medical Device Marial® In Association With Proton-Pump Inhibitors Versus PPI Alone In Patients Affected By Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
A Phase I Clinical Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Single-dose and Multiple-dose X842 in Healthy Subjects.
A Phase I, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo- and Positive-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of Multiple Oral Doses of H008 (Carenoprazan Hydrochloride Tablets) in Healthy Volunteers
Effectiveness of Manual Therapy in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients With Type I Hiatal Hernia
Efficacy and Safety of Thread Embedding Acupuncture Combined With PPI in Treating GERD
Anti-Reflux Endoscopic Therapy Using Argon Plasma Coagulation (AREA) in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Patients: A Single Center, Randomized, Sham, Controlled Trial (The AREA Study)
Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (TIF) for Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Patients
Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Combined Thread Embedding and Auricular Acupuncture in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease With Liver Qi Invading Stomach Pattern: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Normal Values of Ambulatory 24-hour Oesophageal pH-impedance Monitoring in an Indian Cohort of Participants
Who cites it
837 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Potassium-competitive Acid Blockers Versus Proton Pump Inhibitors for Erosive Esophagitis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Pooled it
- Functional dyspepsia overlapping with other functional gastrointestinal disorders: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Helicobacter pylori Infection and Eradication in Relation to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease among population of Saudi Arabia: A meta-analysis.Saudi medical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Characterization changes and research waste in randomized controlled trials of global gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia over the past 20 years.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Association between body mass index at different levels and risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review with dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Indications and endoscopic findings of upper gastrointestinal diseases in Africa: A systematic review & meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Economic evaluation of proton pump inhibitors in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease - a systematic review of cost-effectiveness and economic burden.BMC health services research · 2024Pooled it
- Genetic correlation between smoking behavior and gastroesophageal reflux disease: insights from integrative multi-omics data.BMC genomics · 2024Pooled it
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization combined with meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Bioequivalence study of vonoprazan fumarate tablets in healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized, open-label, two-period crossover trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- Integrating cruroplasty with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a strategy to mitigate GERD symptoms in obese patients. A randomized control trial.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Trial
- Clinical Trial: Dose-Finding Study of Linaprazan Glurate, A Novel Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, Versus Lansoprazole for the Treatment of Erosive Oesophagitis.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Trial
- A Randomized, Comparative Trial of a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (X842) and Lansoprazole for the Treatment of Patients With Erosive Esophagitis.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of a Food Supplement ContainingNutrients · 2024Trial
- Short-term outcomes of a novel anti-reflux biologic flap technique versus double flap technique after laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy: a retrospective cohort study.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Predictive value of preoperative esophagram in postoperative outcomes after antireflux surgery.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- A study of the learning curve for laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication procedure, focusing on operative times using cumulative sum (CUSUM) method and multiple regression analysis for patients with neuromuscular disease.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
777 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo update the findings of the 2005 systematic review of population-based studies assessing the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
designPubMed and Embase were screened for new references using the original search strings. Studies were required to be population-based, to include ≥ 200 individuals, to have response rates ≥ 50% and recall periods <12 months. GERD was defined as heartburn and/or regurgitation on at least 1 day a week, or according to the Montreal definition, or diagnosed by a clinician. Temporal and geographic trends in disease prevalence were examined using a Poisson regression model.
results16 studies of GERD epidemiology published since the original review were found to be suitable for inclusion (15 reporting prevalence and one reporting incidence), and were added to the 13 prevalence and two incidence studies found previously. The range of GERD prevalence estimates was 18.1%-27.8% in North America, 8.8%-25.9% in Europe, 2.5%-7.8% in East Asia, 8.7%-33.1% in the Middle East, 11.6% in Australia and 23.0% in South America. Incidence per 1000 person-years was approximately 5 in the overall UK and US populations, and 0.84 in paediatric patients aged 1-17 years in the UK. Evidence suggests an increase in GERD prevalence since 1995 (p<0.0001), particularly in North America and East Asia.
conclusionsGERD is prevalent worldwide, and disease burden may be increasing. Prevalence estimates show considerable geographic variation, but only East Asia shows estimates consistently lower than 10%.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.