ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2014
Non-viral opportunistic infections in new users of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: results of the SAfety Assessment of Biologic ThERapy (SABER) study.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prevalence and mortality of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Risk of Infections and Cancer in Patients With Rheumatologic Diseases Receiving Interleukin Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Guideline
- Risk of opportunistic infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis initiating abatacept: cumulative clinical trial data.Arthritis research & therapy · 2021Trial
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- Frailty in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and axial spondyloarthritis: Current evidence and knowledge gaps.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Review
- Psoriatic Arthritis: From Diagnosis to Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Basic Susceptibility of Patients with Psoriasis under Systemic Therapy for Respiratory Infections: Data from the German Psoriasis Registry PsoBest.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Frailty and Risk of Serious Infections in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Biologic or Targeted-Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Corticosteroids Increase the Risk of Invasive Fungal Infections More Than Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibitors in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2023Article
- Cerebral Toxoplasmosis as an Uncommon Complication of Biologic Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Case Report and Review of the Literature.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Comparison of developing tuberculosis following tumor necrosis factor inhibition and interleukin-6 inhibition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide observational study in South Korea, 2013-2018.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Observational
- Prophylaxis against pneumocystis pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with b/tsDMARDs: insights from 3787 cases in the FIRST registry.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Long-term safety of risankizumab from 17 clinical trials in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.The British journal of dermatology · 2022Article
- Absence of Oral Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Receiving Anti-TNF-α and Anti-Integrin-αDentistry journal · 2022Article
- Increased susceptibility to pneumonia due to tumour necrosis factor inhibition and prospective immune system rescueFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Alterations and Potential Applications of Gut Microbiota in Biological Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Comparative safety of inhaled corticosteroids and macrolides in Medicare enrolees with bronchiectasis.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and the Risk of Cancer among Older Americans with Rheumatoid Arthritis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine among patients with autoimmune diseases in the USA whether the risk of non-viral opportunistic infections (OI) was increased among new users of tumour necrosis factor α inhibitors (TNFI), when compared to users of non-biological agents used for active disease.
methodsWe identified new users of TNFI among cohorts of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis-psoriatic arthritis-ankylosing spondylitis patients during 1998-2007 using combined data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, two pharmaceutical assistance programmes for the elderly, Tennessee Medicaid and US Medicaid/Medicare programmes. We compared incidence of non-viral OI among new TNFI users and patients initiating non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) overall and within each disease cohort. Cox regression models were used to compare propensity-score and steroid- adjusted OI incidence between new TNFI and non-biological DMARD users.
resultsWithin a cohort of 33 324 new TNFI users we identified 80 non-viral OI, the most common of which was pneumocystosis (n=16). In the combined cohort, crude rates of non-viral OI among new users of TNFI compared to those initiating non-biological DMARD was 2.7 versus 1.7 per 1000-person-years (aHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.6). Baseline corticosteroid use was associated with non-viral OI (aHR 2.5, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.0). In the RA cohort, rates of non-viral OI among new users of infliximab were higher when compared to patients newly starting non-biological DMARD (aHR 2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.6) or new etanercept users (aHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.4).
conclusionsIn the USA, the rate of non-viral OI was higher among new users of TNFI with autoimmune diseases compared to non-biological DMARD users.
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