ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
Antiretroviral therapy initiated within 6 months of HIV infection is associated with lower T-cell activation and smaller HIV reservoir size.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 214 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
214 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 328 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy on HIV-1 Serological Responses and Their Implications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- HIV/AIDS late presentation and its associated factors in China from 2010 to 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy during Primary HIV Infection: Effects on the Latent HIV Reservoir, Including on Analytic Treatment Interruptions.AIDS reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Discordant Immune Response with Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Sex, age, race and intervention type in clinical studies of HIV cure: a systematic review.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Pooled it
- Long-term effect of temporary ART initiated during primary HIV-1 infection on viral persistence.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Clinical and Immunologic Outcomes After Immediate or Deferred Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation During Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: The Sabes Randomized Clinical Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Cell-associated HIV-1 RNA predicts viral rebound and disease progression after discontinuation of temporary early ART.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- HIV-1 CRF01_AE subtype and HIV-1 DNA level among patients with chronic HIV-1 infection: a correlation study.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- T cell functionality in HIV-1, HIV-2 and dually infected individuals: correlates of disease progression and immune restoration.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Trial
- Augmentation of HIV-specific T cell function by immediate treatment of hyperacute HIV-1 infection.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Laboratory surrogate markers of residual HIV replication among distinct groups of individuals under antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Sustained Sexual Behavior Change After Acute HIV Diagnosis in Malawi.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2018Trial
- Which HIV-infected adults with high CD4 T-cell counts benefit most from immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy? A post-hoc subgroup analysis of the START trial.The lancet. HIV · 2018Trial
- Brief Report: Changes in Levels of Inflammation After Antiretroviral Treatment During Early HIV Infection in AIDS Clinical Trials Group Study A5217.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Post-treatment control or treated controllers? Viral remission in treated and untreated primary HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- A randomized controlled clinical trial on the impact of CCR5 blockade with maraviroc in early infection on T-cell dynamics.Medicine · 2016Trial
- Effects of Combined CCR5/Integrase Inhibitors-Based Regimen on Mucosal Immunity in HIV-Infected Patients Naïve to Antiretroviral Therapy: A Pilot Randomized Trial.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- HIV vasculopathy: role of mononuclear cell-associated Krüppel-like factors 2 and 4.AIDS (London, England) · 2015Trial
154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background. CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell activation levels often remain elevated in chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection despite initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). T-cell activation predicts early death and blunted CD4+ T-cell recovery during ART and may affect persistent HIV reservoir size. We investigated whether very early ART initiation is associated with lower on-therapy immune activation and HIV persistence. Methods. From a cohort of patients with early HIV infection (<6 months duration since infection) we identified persons who started ART early (<6 months after infection) or later (≥2 years after infection) and maintained ≥2 years of virologic suppression; at-risk HIV-negative persons were controls. We measured CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell activation (percent CD38(+)/HLA-DR(+)) and HIV reservoir size (based on HIV DNA and cell-associated RNA levels). Results. In unadjusted analyses, early ART predicted lower on-therapy CD8(+) T-cell activation (n = 34; mean, 22.1%) than achieved with later ART (n = 32; mean, 28.8%; P = .009), although levels in early ART remained elevated relative to HIV-negative controls (P = .02). Early ART also predicted lower CD4+ T-cell activation than with later ART (5.3% vs 7.5%; P = .06). Early ART predicted 4.8-fold lower DNA levels than achieved with later ART (P = .005), and lower cell-associated RNA levels (difference in signal-to-cutoff ratio (S/Co), 3.2; P = .035). Conclusions. ART initiation <6 months after infection is associated with lower levels of T-cell activation and smaller HIV DNA and RNA reservoir size during long-term therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.