ArticleExtreme physiology & medicine2013
Extreme sacrifice: sudden cardiac death in the US Fire Service.
Article in Extreme physiology & medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperthermia during open water swimming: risks, monitoring and mitigation strategies.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Pooled it
- The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Association between Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Firefighters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors, Musculoskeletal Health, and Physical Fitness on Occupational Performance in Firefighters-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Prevention of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease in tactical athletes.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Review
- Line-of-Duty Deaths Among Firefighters in Poland: A Retrospective Observational Study of Mortality Differences Between Career and Volunteer Firefighters.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- When Chronic Risk Meets Acute Strain: Sudden Cardiac Death and Cardiovascular Vulnerability in Firefighters.Clinical Medicine Insights. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Acute live firefighting effects on ventricular-arterial coupling and pulsatile afterload in middle-aged firefighters.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Association between metabolic syndrome and physical fitness in firefighters: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Acute exercise impacts heart rate variability but not cognitive flexibility during subsequent simulated firefighter occupational tasks.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
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- Fueling the Firefighter and Tactical Athlete with Creatine: A Narrative Review of a Key Nutrient for Public Safety.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Relationship between Simulated Fire Suppression Activities and Acute Cardiac and Respiratory Events in Firefighters.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Structural and functional cardiac parameters across occupations: a cross-sectional study in differing work environments.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Firefighter Health: A Narrative Review of Occupational Threats and Countermeasures.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the relationship between occupational-specific task performance and measures of physical fitness, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in firefighters.BMC public health · 2024Article
- The dietary inflammatory index and cardiometabolic parameters in US firefighters.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Volition and control in law and in brain science: neurolegal translation of a foundational concept.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Review
- The effect of mild to moderate COVID-19 infection on the cardiorespiratory fitness of firefighters.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Firefighting is a hazardous profession which has claimed on average the lives of 105 US firefighters per year for the past decade. The leading cause of line-of-duty mortality is sudden cardiac death, which accounts for approximately 45% of all firefighter duty-related fatalities. Strenuous physical activity, emotional stress, and environmental pollutants all strain the cardiovascular system, and each can increase the risk of sudden cardiac events in susceptible individuals. Sudden cardiac death is more likely to occur during or shortly after emergency duties such as fire suppression, despite the fact that these duties comprise a relatively small proportion of firefighters' annual duties. Additionally, cardiac events are more likely to occur in firefighters who possess an excess of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease along with underlying atherosclerosis and/or structural heart disease. In this review, we propose a theoretical model for the interaction between underlying cardiovascular disease in firefighters and the multifactorial physiological strain of firefighting.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.