ReviewNeuron2013
The brain on stress: vulnerability and plasticity of the prefrontal cortex over the life course.
Review in Neuron, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 513 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
513 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of physical exercise on aggressive behavior in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Control Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2025Pooled it
- Linking Inflammation, Aberrant Glutamate-Dopamine Interaction, and Post-synaptic Changes: Translational Relevance for Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Treatment: a Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Pooled it
- Neurostructural traces of early life adversities: A meta-analysis exploring age- and adversity-specific effects.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Voxel-wise Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Epilepsies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of Prescribed and Self-Selected Music Interventions on Stress, Sleep, Heart Rate Variability, and Brain Connectivity in Surgeons Using 7-Tesla Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Wearable Actigraphy: Multimodal Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR formative research · 2026Trial
- Context-dependent modulation of LTP and BDNF/TrkB signaling in the dentate gyrus following combined progressive aerobic and rotarod training in male wistar rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Brief high-fat diet exposure temporally reshapes affective behavior and prefrontal cortex function.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The association between work-family conflict and psychomotor vigilance among women working in aged care services in Japan.Industrial health · 2026Article
- Beyond Household Adversities: Synthetic Imputation of Emotional, Physical and Sexual Abuse for Children Aged <18 Years in the National Survey on Children's Health (NSCH) Through Parameter Bridging from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS).Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Loneliness is associated with cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia: the mediating roles of sleep quality and anxiety.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Optogenetic stimulation of the infralimbic cortex prior to fear extinction learning rescues deficits in a preclinical model of comorbid PTSD and AUD.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- AiScience · 2026Article
- Adverse Childhood Experiences and Substance Use: The Mediating Role of Executive Function Deficits.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- Ketamine and Evolving Neuroplasticity.Clinical drug investigation · 2026Review
- Establishment and Validation of a CUMS Model for Depression-like Behavior in Honeybees: A Tool for Pollinator Stress Research.Insects · 2026Article
- Psychological stress induced mitochondrial response in humans and its medial prefrontal biomarker correlates.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bias and Beliefs: Age Discrimination, Perceived Control over Cognitive Aging, and Executive Functioning in Caregiving Grandparents.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Limited sucrose intake produces subregion-specific remodeling of perineuronal nets in the medial prefrontal cortex.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Quantifying Structural Changes in Cultured Neurons Using Fractal Analysis.Neuroinformatics · 2026Article
453 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in working memory and self-regulatory and goal-directed behaviors and displays remarkable structural and functional plasticity over the life course. Neural circuitry, molecular profiles, and neurochemistry can be changed by experiences, which influence behavior as well as neuroendocrine and autonomic function. Such effects have a particular impact during infancy and in adolescence. Behavioral stress affects both the structure and function of PFC, though such effects are not necessarily permanent, as young animals show remarkable neuronal resilience if the stress is discontinued. During aging, neurons within the PFC become less resilient to stress. There are also sex differences in the PFC response to stressors. While such stress and sex hormone-related alterations occur in regions mediating the highest levels of cognitive function and self-regulatory control, the fact that they are not necessarily permanent has implications for future behavior-based therapies that harness neural plasticity for recovery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.