ArticleFrontiers in immunology2013
Re-Directing CD4(+) T Cell Responses with the Flanking Residues of MHC Class II-Bound Peptides: The Core is Not Enough.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generation and MHC class II loading of an endogenous influenza epitope revealed by a T cell receptor-like antibody.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune-induced TCR-like antibodies regulate specific T cell response in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- NeoPrecis: enhancing immunotherapy response prediction through integration of qualified immunogenicity and clonality-aware neoantigen landscapes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cut or bind? Antigen-specific processing mechanisms define CD4Genome medicine · 2025Article
- A general system for targeting MHC class II-antigen complex via a single adaptable loop.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Deep learning in next-generation vaccine development for infectious diseases.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- HLAIIPred: cross-attention mechanism for modeling the interaction of HLA class II molecules with peptides.Communications biology · 2025Article
- NeoPrecis: Enhancing Immunotherapy Response Prediction through Integration of Qualified Immunogenicity and Clonality-Aware Neoantigen Landscapes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Comprehensive analysis of αβT-cell receptor repertoires reveals signatures of thymic selection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Energy landscapes of peptide-MHC binding.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Reducing Immunogenicity by Design: Approaches to Minimize Immunogenicity of Monoclonal Antibodies.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- A general platform for targeting MHC-II antigens via a single loop.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Contributions of the N-terminal flanking residues of an antigenic peptide from the Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cry j 1 to the T-cell activation by HLA-DP5.International immunology · 2023Article
- Structural definition of HLA class II-presented SARS-CoV-2 epitopes reveals a mechanism to escape pre-existing CD4Cell reports · 2023Article
- Live Cell Imaging by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Fluorescence to Study Trafficking of PLGA Nanoparticles and the Release of a Loaded Peptide in Dendritic Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Glutamine deamidation does not increase the immunogenicity of C-peptide in people with type 1 diabetes.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2023Article
- DeepMHCII: a novel binding core-aware deep interaction model for accurate MHC-II peptide binding affinity prediction.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Identification of T cell antigens in the 21st century, as difficult as ever.Seminars in immunology · 2022Review
- New vistas unfold: Chicken MHC molecules reveal unexpected ways to present peptides to the immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recombinant αβ T cell receptors, expressed on T cell membranes, recognize short peptides presented at the cell surface in complex with MHC molecules. There are two main subsets of αβ T cells: CD8(+) T cells that recognize mainly cytosol-derived peptides in the context of MHC class I (pMHC-I), and CD4(+) T cells that recognize peptides usually derived from exogenous proteins presented by MHC class II (pMHC-II). Unlike the more uniform peptide lengths (usually 8-13mers) bound in the MHC-I closed groove, MHC-II presented peptides are of a highly variable length. The bound peptides consist of a core bound 9mer (reflecting the binding motif for the particular MHC-II type) but with variable peptide flanking residues (PFRs) that can extend from both the N- and C-terminus of the MHC-II binding groove. Although pMHC-I and pMHC-II play a virtually identical role during T cell responses (T cell antigen presentation) and are very similar in overall conformation, there exist a number of subtle but important differences that may govern the functional dichotomy observed between CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of structural differences between pMHC-I and pMHC-II and the molecular interactions with the T cell receptor including the functional importance of MHC-II PFRs. We consider how factors such as anatomical location, inflammatory milieu, and particular types of antigen presenting cell might, in theory, contribute to the quantitative (i.e., pMHC ligand frequency) as well as qualitative (i.e., variable PFR) nature of peptide epitopes, and hence offer a means of control and influence of a CD4(+) T cell response. Lastly, we review our recent findings showing how modifications to MHC-II PFRs can modify CD4(+) T cell antigen recognition. These findings may have novel applications for the development of CD4(+) T cell peptide vaccines and diagnostics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.