ArticleBMJ open2013
Mortality following unemployment during an economic downturn: Swedish register-based cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on health resilience to economic crises.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of COVID-19 Containment Measures on Unemployment: A Multi-country Analysis Using a Difference-in-Differences Framework.International journal of health policy and management · 2023Article
- Understanding the effect of retirement on health behaviors in China: Causality, heterogeneity and time-varying effect.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Interventions to suppress the coronavirus pandemic will increase unemployment and lead to many premature deaths.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2021Article
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- Health inequalities after austerity in Greece.International journal for equity in health · 2016Review
- Nonpsychotic Mental Disorders in Teenage Males and Risk of Early Stroke: A Population-Based Study.Stroke · 2016Article
- Job-loss and weight gain in British adults: Evidence from two longitudinal studies.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2015Article
- Stress resilience and physical fitness in adolescence and risk of coronary heart disease in middle age.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2015Article
- Education and Mortality in the Rome Longitudinal Study.PloS one · 2015Article
- Stress resilience in male adolescents and subsequent stroke risk: cohort study.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2014Article
- Economic crisis and suicidal behaviour: the role of unemployment, sex and age in Andalusia, southern Spain.International journal for equity in health · 2014Article
- Experiences of involuntary job loss and health during the economic crisis in Portugal.Porto biomedical journalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate if unemployment during an economic downturn is associated with mortality, even among men with markers of better health (higher cognitive function scores and qualifications), and to assess whether the associations vary by age at unemployment.
designLongitudinal register-based cohort study.
settingStudy entry was in 1990 and 2001 when Sweden was entering periods of significant economic contraction.
participantsA representative sample of men from the general population (n=234 782) born between 1952 and 1956 who participated in military conscription examinations. Men in receipt of disability or sickness benefit at study entry were excluded.
main outcome measureAll-cause mortality.
resultsUnemployment compared with employment in 1991 (ages 34-38 years) produced adjusted HRs (with 95% CIs) for all-cause mortality (3651 deaths) during follow-up to 2001 and after stratification by education of 2.35 (1.99 to 2.76) for compulsory education, 2.25 (1.97 to 2.58) for up to 3 years postcompulsory education and 1.90 (1.40 to 2.57) for more than 3 years postcompulsory education. When unemployment was compared with employment in 2001 (ages 45-49 years) with follow-up to 2010, the pattern of mortality risk (4271 deaths) stratified by education was reversed, producing adjusted HRs of 2.81 (2.47 to 3.21) for compulsory education, 2.87 (2.58 to 3.19) for up to 3 years postcompulsory education and 3.44 (2.78 to 4.25) for more than 3 years postcompulsory education. Interaction testing confirmed effect modification by age/period (p=0.003). The degree of gradient reversal was slightly less pronounced after stratification by cognitive function but produced a similar pattern of results (p=0.004).
conclusionsUnemployment at older ages is associated with greater mortality risk than at younger ages, with the greatest relative increase in risk among men with markers of better health, suggesting the greater vulnerability of all older workers to unemployment-associated exposures.
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