ArticleHead and neck pathology2014
Among sinonasal tumors, CDX-2 immunoexpression is not restricted to intestinal-type adenocarcinomas.
Article in Head and neck pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Promoting Factors and Molecular Mechanisms-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- ITAC and Non-ITAC Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: Classification, Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy Focusing on Interdisciplinarity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Article
- Lateral Nasal Wall Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH): A Diagnostic Conundrum.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2018Article
- Usefulness of NKX2.2 Immunohistochemistry for Distinguishing Ewing Sarcoma from Other Sinonasal Small Round Blue Cell Tumors.Head and neck pathology · 2018Article
- Two Cases of Sinonasal Non-Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma with Squamoid Morules Expressing NuclearCase reports in pathology · 2018Article
- Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma: Classification, Immunophenotype, Molecular Features and Differential Diagnosis.Head and neck pathology · 2017Review
- Primary Lingual Colonic-Type Adenocarcinoma: A Rare and Emerging Distinct Entity!Head and neck pathology · 2017Article
- Clinical and morphological aspects of adenocarcinomas of the intestinal type in the inner nose: a retrospective multicenter analysis.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2016Article
- Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: Update on Classification, Immunophenotype and Molecular Features.Head and neck pathology · 2016Review
- A Subset of Sinonasal Non-Intestinal Type Adenocarcinomas are Truly Seromucinous Adenocarcinomas: A Morphologic and Immunophenotypic Assessment and Description of a Novel Pitfall.Head and neck pathology · 2015Article
- Utility of p40 in the Differential Diagnosis of Small Round Blue Cell Tumors of the Sinonasal Tract.Head and neck pathology · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare form of sinonasal cancer characterized by an association with exposure to industrial dusts, aggressive clinical behavior, and histologic/immunophenotypic similarity to tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. ITAC is sometimes very poorly differentiated and difficult to distinguish from other sinonasal neoplasms, particularly in a limited biopsy. CDX-2 and cytokeratin 20 are consistently immunoreactive in ITAC and as a result, these immunostains are often used to support the diagnosis. However, CDX-2 and cytokeratin 20 have not been tested on a broad range of sinonasal tumors, so their specificities remain unknown. Immunohistochemistry for CDX-2 and cytokeratin 20 was performed on 6 sinonasal ITACs as well as 176 non-intestinal-type sinonasal neoplasms. CDX-2 and cytokeratin 20 were positive in all 6 cases of ITAC. CDX-2 immunoexpression was also observed in 17 of 176 (10 %) non-intestinal-type tumors including 6 of 16 (38 %) sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas, 8 of 81 (10 %) squamous cell carcinomas (including 5 of 39 non-keratinizing variants), 2 of 20 (10 %) salivary-type adenocarcinomas, and 1 of 2 (50 %) small cell carcinomas. In contrast, among non-intestinal types of sinonasal tumors, cytokeratin 20 was only focally observed in 1 of 176 non-intestinal tumors (a non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma). All cases of non-intestinal surface-derived adenocarcinoma and esthesioneuroblastoma were negative for both markers. Both CDX-2 and cytokeratin 20 are highly sensitive for the diagnosis of sinonasal ITAC, but cytokeratin 20 is more specific. CDX-2 staining may be observed in other high grade tumor types, especially sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. As a result, in the setting of a poorly differentiated sinonasal carcinoma the diagnosis of ITAC should not be based on CDX-2 immunoexpression alone. Clear-cut glandular differentiation and cytokeratin 20 immunoexpression are more reliable features.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.