ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2013
Environmentally persistent free radicals and their lifetimes in PM2.5.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR) formation, characteristics, and health effects: are there sufficient data for risk assessment?Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: a narrative review of epidemiological and mechanistic findings.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2026Review
- Understanding the influence of environmentally persistent free radical location on reactive oxygen species generation in soils.Chemosphere · 2026Article
- Shifts in soil microbiome surrounding a thermal treatment facility for hazardous waste: the hidden impact of environmentally persistent free radicals.Environmental science. Processes & impacts · 2026Article
- Urea Inhibits the Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals as well as Accelerates Their Decay.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Occurrence, Sources, and Health Risks of Chlorinated Paraffins and Environmental Persistent Free Radicals in Urban PMACS omega · 2026Article
- Associations between Environmental Persistent Free Radicals, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Oxidative Potential in Atmospheric Aerosols.ACS omega · 2026Article
- pH-Dependent Activation of EPFRs and Kinetics of Hydroxyl Radical Generation.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Chemical Composition and Free Radical Content During Saharan Dust Episode in SE Poland.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multiphase OH Oxidation of Bisphenols: Chemical Transformation and Persistence in the Environment.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Associations between household characteristics and environmentally persistent free radicals in house dust from two Australian locations.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Tracking Long-Lived Free Radicals in Dandelion Caused by Air Pollution Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Residential Wood Burning and Vehicle Emissions as Major Sources of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals in Fairbanks, Alaska.Environmental science & technology · 2024Article
- Biochar from Co-Pyrolyzed Municipal Sewage Sludge (MSS): Part 2: Biochar Characterization and Application in the Remediation of Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Overview of the Alaskan Layered Pollution and Chemical Analysis (ALPACA) Field Experiment.ACS ES&T air · 2024Article
- Identifying urban emission sources and their contribution to the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter (PMEnvironmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Investigating environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) emissions of 3D printing process.Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996) · 2024Article
- Environmentally persistent free radicals in PMJournal of environmental sciences (China) · 2024Article
- Chemical and Cellular Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species from Secondary Organic Aerosols in Epithelial Lining Fluid.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For the first time, an expansive study into the concentration and extended decay behavior of environmentally persistent free radicals in PM2.5 was performed. Results from this study revealed three types of radical decay-a fast decay, slow decay, and no decay-following one of four decay patterns: a relatively fast decay exhibiting a 1/e lifetime of 1-21 days accompanied by a slow decay with a 1/e lifetime of 21-5028 days (47% of samples); a single slow decay including a 1/e lifetime of 4-2083 days (24% of samples); no decay (18% of samples); and a relatively fast decay displaying an average 1/e lifetime of 0.25-21 days followed by no decay (11% of samples). Phenol correlated well with the initial radical concentration and fast decay rate. Other correlations for common atmospheric pollutants (ozone, NOx, SO2, etc.) as well as meteorological conditions suggested photochemical processes impact the initial radical concentration and fast decay rate. The radical signal in PM2.5 was remarkably similar to semiquinones in cigarette smoke. Accordingly, radicals inhaled from PM2.5 were related to the radicals inhaled from smoking cigarettes, expressed as the number of equivalent cigarettes smoked. This calculated to 0.4-0.9 cigarettes per day for nonextreme air quality in the United States.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.