ArticleISRN microbiology2013
HIV-1 Genetic Variability and Clinical Implications.
Article in ISRN microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Challenges in Elucidating HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in the Middle East and North Africa: A Review Based on a Systematic Search.Viruses · 2025Pooled it
- HIV-1 Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Mozambique: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- Geographic and Population Distributions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 Circulating Subtypes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis (2010-2021).The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Pooled it
- Current ARTs, Virologic Failure, and Implications for AIDS Management: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Double trouble: how co- and superinfections shape viral dynamics and host responses.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Nationwide Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Uruguay (2007-2021): Lineage Diversity, BF1 Recombinant Complexity and Epidemiological Patterns.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Geographical and temporal trends of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance in China: a nationwide study over two decades (2003-2024).The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- HIV-1 Tat and gp120 as key drivers of neurodegeneration in the central nervous system.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Improved HIV-1 Subtyping Accuracy Using near Full-Length Sequencing: A Comparison of Common Tools.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Gonadocorticoids Have Different Effects on the Expression of Toll-like Receptors When Infected with Various HIV-1 Subtypes.Viruses · 2025Article
- The Origins and Genetic Diversity of HIV-1: Evolutionary Insights and Global Health Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Integrative Computational Approaches for Understanding Drug Resistance in HIV-1 Protease Subtype C.Viruses · 2025Review
- Article
- The Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Patterns of HIV-1 Pol Gene in East Africa.Advances in virology · 2025Article
- HIV vaccination: Navigating the path to a transformative breakthrough-A review of current evidence.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Co-Infections and Superinfections between HIV-1 and Other Human Viruses at the Cellular Level.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A pilot investigation of the association between HIV-1 Vpr amino acid sequence diversity and the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway as a potential mechanism for neurocognitive impairment.Virology journal · 2024Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy that have revolutionized HIV disease management, effective control of the HIV infection pandemic remains elusive. Beyond the classic non-B endemic areas, HIV-1 non-B subtype infections are sharply increasing in previous subtype B homogeneous areas such as Europe and North America. As already known, several studies have shown that, among non-B subtypes, subtypes C and D were found to be more aggressive in terms of disease progression. Luckily, the response to antiretrovirals against HIV-1 seems to be similar among different subtypes, but these results are mainly based on small or poorly designed studies. On the other hand, differences in rates of acquisition of resistance among non-B subtypes are already being observed. This different propensity, beyond the type of treatment regimens used, as well as access to viral load testing in non-B endemic areas seems to be due to HIV-1 clade specific peculiarities. Indeed, some non-B subtypes are proved to be more prone to develop resistance compared to B subtype. This phenomenon can be related to the presence of subtype-specific polymorphisms, different codon usage, and/or subtype-specific RNA templates. This review aims to provide a complete picture of HIV-1 genetic diversity and its implications for HIV-1 disease spread, effectiveness of therapies, and drug resistance development.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.