ArticlePloS one2013
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal organ growth: a magnetic resonance imaging study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of prenatal tobacco exposure on brain structure and function in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of MRI findings.Neuroradiology · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Association of Mandatory COVID-19 Lockdown Exposure with Increased Maternal Prenatal Smoking and Reduced Fetal Head Growth: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- Linking epidemiology and genomics of maternal smoking during pregnancy in utero and in ageing: a population-based study using human foetuses and the UK Biobank cohort.EBioMedicine · 2025Article
- Article
- A Prospective Multi-Institutional Study Comparing the Brain Development in the Third Trimester between Opioid-Exposed and Nonexposed Fetuses Using Advanced Fetal MR Imaging Techniques.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2024Article
- Neonicotinoid pesticides: evidence of developmental neurotoxicity from regulatory rodent studies.Frontiers in toxicology · 2024Article
- Neuroplacentology in congenital heart disease: placental connections to neurodevelopmental outcomes.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Perinatal and birth correlates of childhood irritability in Taiwan's national epidemiological study.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- Pilot study of fetal brain development and morphometry in prenatal opioid exposure and smoking on fetal MRI.Journal of neuroradiology = Journal de neuroradiologie · 2022Article
- The effects ofJournal of developmental origins of health and disease · 2021Article
- Biomolecular Markers of Recurrent Implantation Failure-A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Normative linear and volumetric biometric measurements of fetal brain development in magnetic resonance imaging.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2020Article
- Metabolic changes in early neonatal life: NMR analysis of the neonatal metabolic profile to monitor postnatal metabolic adaptations.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2020Article
- White Matter Injury and Structural Anomalies in Infants with Prenatal Opioid Exposure.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2019Article
- Impact of Wildfire Smoke on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Colorado, 2007-2015.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- DNA methylation links prenatal smoking exposure to later life health outcomes in offspring.Clinical epigenetics · 2019Article
- Chronic exposure to e-cig aerosols during early development causes vascular dysfunction and offspring growth deficits.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2019Article
- Recurrent Implantation Failure-update overview on etiology, diagnosis, treatment and future directions.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2018Review
- A retrospective segmentation analysis of placental volume by magnetic resonance imaging from first trimester to term gestation.Pediatric radiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo study whether maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with alterations in the growth of fetal lungs, kidneys, liver, brain, and placenta.
designA case-control study, with operators performing the image analysis blinded.
settingStudy performed on a research-dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner (1.5 T) with participants recruited from a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.
participantsA total of 26 pregnant women (13 current smokers, 13 non smokers) were recruited; 18 women (10 current smokers, 8 nonsmokers) returned for the second scan later in their pregnancy.
methodsEach fetus was scanned with MRI at 22-27 weeks and 33-38 weeks gestational age (GA).
main outcome measuresImages obtained with MRI were used to measure volumes of the fetal brain, kidneys, lungs, liver and overall fetal size, as well as placental volumes.
resultsExposed fetuses showed lower brain volumes, kidney volumes, and total fetal volumes, with this effect being greater at visit 2 than at visit 1 for brain and kidney volumes, and greater at visit 1 than at visit 2 for total fetal volume. Exposed fetuses also demonstrated lower lung volume and placental volume, and this effect was similar at both visits. No difference was found between the exposed and nonexposed fetuses with regards to liver volume.
conclusionMagnetic resonance imaging has been used to show that maternal smoking is associated with reduced growth of fetal brain, lung and kidney; this effect persists even when the volumes are corrected for maternal education, gestational age, and fetal sex. As expected, the fetuses exposed to maternal smoking are smaller in size. Similarly, placental volumes are smaller in smoking versus nonsmoking pregnant women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.