ArticleEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM2013
Cucurbitane Triterpenoid from Momordica charantia Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in Breast Cancer Cells, in Part, through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation.
Article in Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Multidimensional Uses of Bitter Melon (Current organic synthesis · 2025Review
- Plant-Derived Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Biopharmaceuticals.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Role of Bitter Melon in Breast and Gynecological Cancer Prevention and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Bitter melon extract suppresses metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) growth possibly by hindering glucose uptake.microPublication biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Transcriptome and metabolome changes induced by bitter melon (Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Microwave- and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Natural Compound 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Wild Bitter Melon Extract Regulates LPS-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation, Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ferroptosis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- New Hydroquinone Monoterpenoid and Cembranoid-Related Metabolites from the Soft CoralMarine drugs · 2020Article
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as Molecular Links between Caloric Restriction and Circadian Rhythm.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Article
- Effects of Storage Time and Temperature on Antioxidants in Juice fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Bitter Melon (Cancers · 2020Review
- Review
- Natural Compounds in Sex Hormone-Dependent Cancers: The Role of Triterpenes as Therapeutic Agents.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Plant triterpenoid saponins: biosynthesis, in vitro production, and pharmacological relevance.Protoplasma · 2019Review
- Emerging Antitumor Activities of the Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia).Current protein & peptide science · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the antitumor activity of the crude extract of wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) has been reported, its bioactive constituents and the underlying mechanism remain undefined. Here, we report that 3 β ,7 β -dihydroxy-25-methoxycucurbita-5,23-diene-19-al (DMC), a cucurbitane-type triterpene isolated from wild bitter gourd, induced apoptotic death in breast cancer cells through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ activation. Luciferase reporter assays indicated the ability of DMC to activate PPAR γ , and pharmacological inhibition of PPAR γ protected cells from DMC's antiproliferative effect. Western blot analysis indicated that DMC suppressed the expression of many PPAR γ -targeted signaling effectors, including cyclin D1, CDK6, Bcl-2, XIAP, cyclooxygenase-2, NF- κ B, and estrogen receptor α , and induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, as manifested by the induction of GADD153 and GRP78 expression. Moreover, DMC inhibited mTOR-p70S6K signaling through Akt downregulation and AMPK activation. The ability of DMC to activate AMPK in liver kinase (LK) B1-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells suggests that this activation was independent of LKB1-regulated cellular metabolic status. However, DMC induced a cytoprotective autophagy presumably through mTOR inhibition, which could be overcome by the cotreatment with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. Together, the ability of DMC to modulate multiple PPAR γ -targeted signaling pathways provides a mechanistic basis to account for the antitumor activity of wild bitter gourd.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.