ArticlePloS one2013
Multivariate analysis of dopaminergic gene variants as risk factors of heroin dependence.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Driven by Dopamine: Genetic Insights into Motivation and Performance in Sports and Esports.Genes · 2026Review
- Genetic and Epigenetic Approaches to Opioid Use Disorder.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Biochemical Diagnosis in Substance and Non-substance Addiction.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Genetic Associations of Persistent Opioid Use After Surgery Point to OPRM1 but Not Other Opioid-Related Loci as the Main Driver of Opioid Use Disorder.Genetic epidemiology · 2025Article
- Molecular and Environmental Determinants of Addictive Substances.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Association of DRD2, DRD4 and COMT genes variants and their gene-gene interactions with antipsychotic treatment response in patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Invited Expert Opinion- Bioinformatic and Limitation Directives to Help Adopt Genetic Addiction Risk Screening and Identify Preaddictive Reward Dysregulation: Required Analytic Evidence to Induce Dopamine Homeostatsis.Medical research archives · 2023Article
- FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Analysis of Relationships betweenGenes · 2021Article
- Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Association of Dopamine Transporter Gene with Heroin Dependence in an Indian Subpopulation from Manipur.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2021Article
- Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 Gene, and Addiction Vulnerability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Neuropharmacological and Neurogenetic Correlates of Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) As a Function of Ethnicity: Relevance to Precision Addiction Medicine.Current neuropharmacology · 2020Review
- The VNTR 48 bp Polymorphism in theDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Substance Use Disorder, Intravenous Injection, and HIV Infection: A Review.Cell transplantation · 2019Review
- Opioid Addiction, Genetic Susceptibility, and Medical Treatments: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- The Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 Gene Polymorphism (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- A review of opioid addiction genetics.Current opinion in psychology · 2019Review
- Molecular Imaging of Opioid and Dopamine Systems: Insights Into the Pharmacogenetics of Opioid Use Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHeroin dependence is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with complex inheritance. Since the dopaminergic system has a key role in rewarding mechanism of the brain, which is directly or indirectly targeted by most drugs of abuse, we focus on the effects and interactions among dopaminergic gene variants.
objectiveTo study the potential association between allelic variants of dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), ANKK1 (ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1), dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4), catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) and dopamine transporter (SLC6A3) genes and heroin dependence in Hungarian patients.
methods303 heroin dependent subjects and 555 healthy controls were genotyped for 7 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs4680 of the COMT gene; rs1079597 and rs1800498 of the DRD2 gene; rs1800497 of the ANKK1 gene; rs1800955, rs936462 and rs747302 of the DRD4 gene. Four variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) were also genotyped: 120 bp duplication and 48 bp VNTR in exon 3 of DRD4 and 40 bp VNTR and intron 8 VNTR of SLC6A3. We also perform a multivariate analysis of associations using Bayesian networks in Bayesian multilevel analysis (BN-BMLA). FINDINGS AND
conclusionsIn single marker analysis the TaqIA (rs1800497) and TaqIB (rs1079597) variants were associated with heroin dependence. Moreover, -521 C/T SNP (rs1800955) of the DRD4 gene showed nominal association with a possible protective effect of the C allele. After applying the Bonferroni correction TaqIB was still significant suggesting that the minor (A) allele of the TaqIB SNP is a risk component in the genetic background of heroin dependence. The findings of the additional multiple marker analysis are consistent with the results of the single marker analysis, but this method was able to reveal an indirect effect of a promoter polymorphism (rs936462) of the DRD4 gene and this effect is mediated through the -521 C/T (rs1800955) polymorphism in the promoter.
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