ArticleThe Journal of comparative neurology2013
Terminal distribution of the corticospinal projection from the hand/arm region of the primary motor cortex to the cervical enlargement in rhesus monkey.
Article in The Journal of comparative neurology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intermittent theta burst stimulation modulates biceps brachii corticomotor excitability in individuals with tetraplegia.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Trial
- Bimanual digit training improves right-hand dexterity in older adults by reactivating declined ipsilateral motor-cortical inhibition.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Impact of the brainstem in normal and impaired human movement control.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Conserved role of primary motor cortex in the control of prehension in mice and macaques.Cell reports · 2026Article
- A Spinal Origin for the Obligate Flexor Synergy in the Nonhuman Primate: Implications for Control of Reaching.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Yank-related changes in corticospinal recruitment gain in humans.Brain research · 2026Article
- The Specification and Functional Maturation of Sub-Cerebral Projection Neurons Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.Stem cells and development · 2025Article
- From thought to action: The organization of spinal projecting neurons.Cell reports · 2025Review
- A spinal origin for the obligate flexor synergy in the non-human primate: Implications for control of reaching.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Corticospinal Tract Development, Evolution, and Skilled Movements.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2025Review
- Article
- Widespread neuronal activity related to bimanual coordination in non-human primates: evidence from Fos-like activation during bimanual versus unimanual motor task.Neuroscience insights · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal profile of an optimal host response to virus infection in the primate central nervous system.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Traumatic central cord Syndrome: An integrated neurosurgical and neurocritical care perspective.Brain & spine · 2025Review
- Corticospinal and corticoreticulospinal projections have discrete but complementary roles in chronic motor behaviors after stroke.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Evolution, biomechanics, and neurobiology converge to explain selective finger motor control.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Topographical and cell type-specific connectivity of rostral and caudal forelimb corticospinal neuron populations.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Betz cells of the primary motor cortex.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2024Review
- Theoretical proposal for restoration of hand motor function based on plasticity of motor-cortical interhemispheric interaction and its developmental rule.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Terminal organization of the corticospinal projection from the arm/hand region of the rostral primary motor cortex (M1r or old M1) to the cervical enlargement (C5-T1) in rhesus monkey.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To further our understanding of the corticospinal projection (CSP) from the hand/arm representation of the primary motor cortex (M1), high-resolution anterograde tracing methodology and stereology were used to investigate the terminal distribution of this connection at spinal levels C5 to T1. The highest number of labeled terminal boutons occurred contralaterally (98%) with few ipsilaterally (2%). Contralaterally, labeled boutons were located within laminae I-X, with the densest distribution found in lamina VII and, to a lesser extent, laminae IX and VI. Fewer terminals were found in other contralateral laminae. Within lamina VII, terminal boutons were most prominent in the dorsomedial, dorsolateral, and ventrolateral subsectors. Within lamina IX, the heaviest terminal labeling was distributed dorsally. Ipsilaterally, boutons were found in laminae V-X. The most pronounced distribution occurred in the dorsomedial and ventromedial sectors of lamina VII and fewer labeled boutons were located in other ipsilateral laminae. Segmentally, contralateral lamina VII labeling was highest at levels C5-C7. In contrast, lamina IX labeling was highest at C7-T1 and more widely dispersed among the quadrants at C8-T1. Our findings suggest dominant contralateral influence of the M1 hand/arm CSP, a contralateral innervation pattern in lamina VII supporting Kuypers (1982) conceptual framework of a "lateral motor system," and a projection to lamina IX indicating significant influence on motoneurons innervating flexors acting on the shoulder and elbow rostrally (C5-C7), along with flexors, extensors, abductors and adductors acting on the digits, hand and wrist caudally (C8-T1).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.