ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2013
Circulation of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during the 2012 Hajj pilgrimage.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Travel-related respiratory symptoms and infections in travellers (2000-22): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of travel medicine · 2023Pooled it
- International travel-related control measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension among Hajj Pilgrims: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Guideline
- Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza - United States, 2017.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2017Guideline
- Uptake and effectiveness of facemask against respiratory infections at mass gatherings: a systematic review.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Hajj-associated viral respiratory infections: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Clinical respiratory infections and pneumonia during the Hajj pilgrimage: A systematic review.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- A systematic review of emerging respiratory viruses at the Hajj and possible coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae.Travel medicine and infectious diseasePooled it
- Facemask against viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims: A challenging cluster-randomized trial.PloS one · 2020Trial
- Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013.Virologica Sinica · 2014Trial
- Comparison of viral respiratory pathogens circulation among Iranian pilgrims during two large religious mass gatherings: the Hajj and Arbaeen walk 2025.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Article
- Respiratory symptoms, vaccination coverage, and antibiotic use among Hajj pilgrims: a multi-season cross sectional study (2023-2025).Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Differences in Hajj-Acquired Airborne Infections in Pilgrims Arriving from Low and Middle-Income versus High-Income Countries: A Systematised Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Molecular Characterization of Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Isolated from Indonesian Hajj and Umrah Pilgrims 2013 to 2014.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Social identity processes associated with perceived risk at pilot sporting events during COVID-19.The British journal of social psychology · 2022Article
- Review
- Prevalence and Genotypes of Human Rhinoviruses among Iranian Hajj Pilgrims with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection.Tanaffos · 2022Article
- Evaluating COVID-19 control measures in mass gathering events with vaccine inequalities.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Health Risks, Preventive Behaviours and Respiratory Illnesses at the 2019 Arbaeen: Implications for COVID-19 and Other Pandemics.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Hajj is the oldest and largest annual mass gathering in the world and may increase the risk of spread of respiratory viruses.
methodsWe performed a prospective survey among a cohort of pilgrims departing from Marseille, France, to Mecca in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for the 2012 Hajj season. Nasal swabs were collected from participants and tested for 11 respiratory viruses by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
resultsOf 165 participants sampled before departing to the KSA, 8 (4.8%) were positive for at least 1 virus (5 rhinovirus, 1 influenza C, 1 adenovirus, and 1 enterovirus). Seventy symptomatic pilgrims underwent additional nasal swabs during their pilgrimage in the KSA, of which 27 (38.6%) were positive for at least 1 virus (19 rhinovirus, 6 influenza A, 1 influenza C, 1 respiratory syncytial virus B, 1 metapneumovirus, 1 adenovirus, and 1 enterovirus). This was significantly higher than the 4.8% who were positive before departing for the KSA (P < .001). Of 154 pilgrims sampled before leaving the KSA, 17 (11%) were positive for at least 1 virus (13 rhinovirus, 3 adenovirus, 2 influenza B, and 1 enterovirus), which was also significantly higher than the percentage of positive pilgrims (4.8%), before departing for the KSA (P = .040).
conclusionsThis study suggests a rapid acquisition of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during their stay in the KSA, most notably rhinovirus, and highlights the potential of spreading these infections in the pilgrims' home countries upon their return.
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