ReviewThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2013
Primary versus secondary failure after varicella vaccination: implications for interval between 2 doses.
Review in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recommended vaccinations for asplenic and hyposplenic adult patients.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated varicella vaccine in children aged 1 to 12 years: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-controlled phase III clinical trial in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
- A randomized trial assessing the efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of vaccination with live attenuated varicella zoster virus-containing vaccines: ten-year follow-up in Russian children.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Health Economic Evaluation of Varicella Vaccination Within the Swedish National Vaccination Programme for Children.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of Universal Varicella Vaccination after ten years of implementation in Tuscany (Central Italy).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Seroepidemiological survey of the population 10 years after the implementation of the varicella vaccine 2-dose immunization strategy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Prevention of varicella-zoster virus infection in early childhood children: effect of 1 versus 2 doses of varicella vaccine on antibody levels.Infection · 2025Article
- Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of breakthrough varicella cases among students in Jiulongpo District, Chongqing: implications for vaccination strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Analysis of antibody dynamics in Chinese children aged 1-3 years after single-dose varicella vaccination: A 42 months prospective study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- The impact of the implementation of the two-dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy in Quzhou: A retrospective birth cohort study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Expanded spectrum of varicella disease and the need for vaccination in India.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Study on Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibody Levels among Children Aged 1-7 Years in Changzhou, China.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of varicella vaccination during an outbreak in a large one-dose-vaccinated population in Shanghai.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Article
- Expanding the clinical and neuroimaging features of post-varicella arteriopathy of childhood.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Economic evaluation of varicella vaccination strategies in Jiangsu province, China: a decision-tree Markov model.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Waning Effectiveness of One-dose Universal Varicella Vaccination in Korea, 2011-2018: a Propensity Score Matched National Population Cohort.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Article
- Estimating the basic reproductive number of varicella in South Korea incorporating social contact patterns and seroprevalence.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 12 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTwo-dose varicella vaccination is recommended for optimal control of varicella in populations with high (>90%) 1-dose coverage. Optimal timing of the second dose may depend on whether breakthrough varicella results from primary vaccine failure (no protective immunity after vaccination) or secondary vaccine failure (waning protective immunity).
methodsPublished literature (1995 to 2012) on vaccine failure after varicella vaccination cited in PubMed and other online sources was reviewed.
resultsNineteen publications detailed 21 varicella outbreaks with breakthrough varicella rates ranging from 0% to 42%; the publications showed no consistent trend between breakthrough varicella rate and time since vaccination.
conclusionsLiterature to date indicates a relatively high rate of primary vaccine failure and limited evidence of secondary vaccine failure among 1-dose varicella vaccine recipients, suggesting that a short interval between 2 doses might be preferable in countries considering implementation of universal varicella vaccination to reduce breakthrough varicella. However, any potential disruption to well-established vaccination schedules should be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.