Trial reportInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2013
Peripheral defocus and myopia progression in myopic children randomly assigned to wear single vision and progressive addition lenses.
Trial report in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 67 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of Theories About Myopia Progression (STAMP)
Visual Outcomes for Toric Efficacy Study
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for myopia control in children: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of atropine 0.01% eyedrops on relative peripheral refraction in myopic children.Eye (London, England) · 2023Trial
- The Effect of Multifocal Soft Contact Lens Wear on Axial and Peripheral Eye Elongation in the BLINK Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Trial
- One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Visual Acuity and Over-refraction in Myopic Children Fitted with Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2018Trial
- Design, methodology, and baseline data of the Personalized Addition Lenses Clinical Trial (PACT).Medicine · 2017Trial
- Myopia Control with a Novel Peripheral Gradient Soft Lens and Orthokeratology: A 2-Year Clinical Trial.BioMed research international · 2015Trial
- Longitudinal Changes in Relative Peripheral Refraction During Childhood Myopia Onset: A 3-year Prospective Observation.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Observational
- Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravitreally repeatedly injected panitumumab in non-human primates - a study performed under good laboratory practice.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of Astigmatism Type on Myopia Progression Among Children Wearing Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) Spectacle Lenses.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- RLRL Therapeutic Feasibility and Potential Mechanism on Myopia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Three-dimensional choroidal parameter differences in myopic anisometropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Astigmatic Blur in Partial Visual Field Exposure Induces Astigmatism Compensation in Developing Chick Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Childhood Myopia Part II: Treatment Mechanisms, Emerging Options, and Considerations.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Relative peripheral refraction with accommodation in 6- to 11-year-olds: baseline findings from the Stockholm Myopia Study.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the effect of progressive addition lenses (PALs) and single vision lenses (SVLs) on peripheral defocus in myopic children, and to compare the effect of myopic versus hyperopic peripheral defocus on foveal myopia progression.
methodsEighty-four myopic children aged 6 to 11 years with spherical equivalent (SE) cycloplegic autorefraction between -0.75 diopters (D) and -4.50 D were randomly assigned to wear SVLs or PALs. Aberrometry measurements of the eye and spectacles were made centrally, 30° nasally, temporally, and superiorly, and 20° inferiorly on the retina using a Complete Ophthalmic Analysis System for Vision Research (COAS-VR). The association between peripheral defocus and the 1-year change in central myopia was investigated.
resultsSVLs caused a hyperopic shift in peripheral defocus at all locations (all P ≤ 0.0003). PALs caused a myopic shift in peripheral defocus in three of four locations measured (all P ≤ 0.01) with the greatest shift superiorly due to the PAL addition (-1.04 ± 0.30 D). Superior retinal defocus when wearing either SVLs or PALs was associated with the 1-year change in central myopia. The adjusted 1-year change in central SE myopia was -0.38 D for children with absolute superior myopic defocus (n = 67) and -0.65 D for children with absolute superior hyperopic defocus (n = 17; difference = 0.27 D; P = 0.002).
conclusionsPALs caused a myopic shift in peripheral defocus. Superior myopic defocus was associated with less central myopia progression. These data support the continued investigation of optical designs that result in peripheral myopic defocus as a potential way to slow myopia progression. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00335049.).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.