ArticleChemical research in toxicology2013
High throughput liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays for tobacco-specific nitrosamine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites associated with lung cancer in smokers.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A Randomized Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Instructions for Electronic Cigarette Use on Smoking-Related Behaviors and Biomarkers of Exposure.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Cigarette Smokers Versus Cousers of Cannabis and Cigarettes: Exposure to Toxicants.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of Snus Examining the Effect of Complete Versus Partial Cigarette Substitution on Smoking-Related Behaviors, and Biomarkers of Exposure.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
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- Reducing nicotine exposure results in weight gain in smokers randomised to very low nicotine content cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2017Trial
- Reduced nicotine content cigarettes and use of alternative nicotine products: exploratory trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Trial
- Gender differences in snus versus nicotine gum for cigarette avoidance among a sample of US smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- Evaluation of a reduced nicotine product standard: Moderating effects of and impact on cannabis use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 Polymorphisms, and Detoxification of Volatile Organic Carcinogens and Toxicants in Tobacco Smoke.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2016Trial
- Randomised clinical trial of snus versus medicinal nicotine among smokers interested in product switching.Tobacco control · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Randomized Trial of Reduced-Nicotine Standards for Cigarettes.The New England journal of medicine · 2015Trial
- Effects of unventilated versus ventilated filtered cigarettes on smoking behaviour and biomarkers of smoke exposure in a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Association of Urinary Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure with Lung Cancer Risk in African American and White Cigarette Smokers in the Southern Community Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Reduced nicotine in cigarettes in a marketplace with alternative nicotine systems: randomized clinical trial.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Article
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Pancreatic Cancer: An Analysis of the Blood Biomarker,Nutrients · 2024Article
- Increased Levels of the Acrolein Metabolite 3-Hydroxypropyl Mercapturic Acid in the Urine of e-Cigarette Users.Chemical research in toxicology · 2023Article
- Immediate Switching to Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes in a U.S.-Based Sample: The Impact on Cannabis Use and Related Variables at 20 Weeks.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We developed and applied high throughput liquid and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS) methods for the cigarette smoking-associated biomarkers 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT), which are urinary metabolites of the carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene. NNAL and PheT levels have been linked to lung cancer in previous studies of smokers. Confirmation of these relationships will require further molecular epidemiology studies, necessitating improved methodology applicable to large numbers of small urine samples. Furthermore, NNAL is excreted in urine either unconjugated or as an N- or O-glucuronide, but little data are available on the amounts of each in urine. For the high throughput analysis of NNAL, 3 aliquots were processed from each urine sample, one for the analysis of free NNAL, one for free NNAL plus NNAL-N-Gluc, and one for total NNAL (the sum of free NNAL, NNAL-N-Gluc, and NNAL-O-Gluc). Ninety-six well plate technology was used for sample enrichment by supported liquid extraction plates, mixed mode reverse-phase/cation exchange solid-phase extraction, and LC-MS/MS analysis. For the analysis of PheT, the urine samples were cleaned up by solid-phase extraction on styrene-divinylbenzene sorbent, silylated, and analyzed by GC-MS/MS, both in 96-well format. The methods were validated analytically with respect to accuracy and precision, and applied in an ongoing molecular epidemiology study of smokers. The amount of total NNAL in smokers' urine was (mean ± SD) 1.65 ± 2.13 pmol/mL (N = 2641). Free NNAL, NNAL-N-Gluc, and NNAL-O-Gluc represented (mean ± SD) 31 ± 11%, 22 ± 14%, and 48 ± 15% of total NNAL, respectively. The amount of PheT in smokers' urine was (mean ± SD) 1.43 ± 2.16 pmol/mL (N = 2613). The methodology described here should be widely applicable in future studies of tobacco use and cancer.
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