ArticleBMC research notes2013
Prevalence and risk factors for nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in children attending anganwaries (preschools) in Ujjain, India.
Article in BMC research notes, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Comprehensive Landscape Review.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Resistance: The 'Other' Pandemic! : Based on 9th Dr. I. C. Verma Excellence Award for Young Pediatricians Delivered as Oration on 19th Sept. 2021.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2022Review
- Risk factors for carriage of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in community dwelling-children in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2022Review
- Differences in gram-positive bacterial colonization and antimicrobial resistance among children in a high income inequality setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Nasal carriage screening of community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in healthy children of a developing country.Advanced biomedical research · 2016Article
- Prospective, cross-sectional study on MSSA and MRSA colonisation in hospitalised children.European journal of pediatrics · 2015Article
- Oropharyngeal and nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage by healthy children.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
- Prevalence of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization Among Children.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren with nasal carriage of S. aureus play an important role in community spread of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Screening the nasal carriage isolates of S. aureus for antibiotic resistance patterns will provide guidelines for empiric therapy of community-acquired infections. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA and it's in vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern among children in anganwaries (preschools) of Ujjain city India. This work is an extension to our previous publication in BMC Pediatrics (http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2431/10/100).
methodsA prospective study was done among children aged 1 to 6 years of age attending 100 anganwaries chosen purposely for the study to evenly cover the city. From each anganwari 10 children were randomly selected for nasal swabbing. Children having pyoderma were not included. Information on risk factors for nasal colonization was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire. Swabs from anterior nares were plated on 5% sheep blood agar. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method according to performance standards of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.
resultsA total of 1002 children were included in the study. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 35% (95% confidence interval CI 32.07 to 37.98) and that of MRSA nasal carriage was 29% (95% CI 24.28 to 33.88). The factors that were independently associated with nasal carriage of S. aureus were: "age-group" i.e. as the age increased beyond the age of 2 years the OR of nasal carriage decreased, "family size of more than 10 members" OR 2.59 (95% CI 1.53-4.37; P < 0.001), and protein energy malnutrition Grade 3 or 4 (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.90; P = 0.026). The resistance pattern of S. aureus and MRSA showed resistance not only to single antibiotic class but co-resistance and multi-drug resistance was also common.
conclusionsThe high rates of nasal carriage of S. aureus and MRSA and presence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics are disturbing. Antibiotic stewardship programmes that promote judicious use of antibiotic along with strategies to prevent community spread of S. aureus are urgently needed.
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