ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2013
Identification of 23-(s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-silybin as an antiviral agent for influenza A virus infection in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects and Mechanisms of Silibinin on Influenza A/H1N1 Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review on the Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Potential of Silybin.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of natural products on host cell autophagy induced by Influenza A virus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Anti-Viral Activity of Bioactive Molecules of Silymarin against COVID-19 via In Silico Studies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Protective role of flavonoids quercetin and silymarin in the viral-associated inflammatory bowel disease: an updated review.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- PhytoestrogenVaccines · 2023Article
- The battle for autophagy between host and influenza A virus.Virulence · 2022Review
- The favorable impacts of silibinin polyphenols as adjunctive therapy in reducing the complications of COVID-19: A review of research evidence and underlying mechanisms.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Review
- Mechanistic Insights into the Pharmacological Significance of Silymarin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Phytopharmaceuticals mediated Furin and TMPRSS2 receptor blocking: can it be a potential therapeutic option for Covid-19?Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology · 2021Review
- Anti-influenza A Virus Effects and Mechanisms of Emodin and Its Analogs via Regulating PPARBioMed research international · 2021Article
- Antiviral Activities of Silymarin and Derivatives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Oxymatrine Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication and Inflammation via TLR4, p38 MAPK and NF-κB Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Anti-influenza A virus activity of rhein through regulating oxidative stress, TLR4, Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB signal pathways.PloS one · 2018Article
- Emodin Inhibition of Influenza A Virus Replication and Influenza Viral Pneumonia via the Nrf2, TLR4, p38/JNK and NF-kappaB Pathways.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Silymarin attenuates cigarette smoke extract-induced inflammation via simultaneous inhibition of autophagy and ERK/p38 MAPK pathway in human bronchial epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Compounds with anti-influenza activity: present and future of strategies for the optimal treatment and management of influenza. Part II: Future compounds against influenza virus.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2014Review
- ER stress, autophagy, and RNA viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
- Amino acid-derived defense metabolites from plants: A potential source to facilitate novel antimicrobial development.The Journal of biological chemistryReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been reported that autophagy is involved in the replication of many viruses. In this study, we screened 89 medicinal plants, using an assay based on the inhibition of the formation of the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 heterotrimer, an important regulator of autophagy, and selected Silybum marianum L. for further study. An antiviral assay indicated that silybin (S0), the major active compound of S. marianum L., can inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We later synthesized 5 silybin derivatives (S1 through S5) and found that 23-(S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-silybin (S3) had the best activity. When we compared the polarities of the substituent groups, we found that the hydrophobicity of the substituent groups was positively correlated with their activities. We further studied the mechanisms of action of these compounds and determined that S0 and S3 also inhibited both the formation of the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 heterotrimer and the elevated autophagy induced by IAV infection. In addition, we found that S0 and S3 could inhibit several components induced by IAV infection, including oxidative stress, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and IκB kinase (IKK) pathways, and the expression of autophagic genes, especially Atg7 and Atg3. All of these components have been reported to be related to the formation of the Atg12-Atg5/Atg16 heterotrimer, which might validate our screening strategy. Finally, we demonstrated that S3 can significantly reduce influenza virus replication and the associated mortality in infected mice. In conclusion, we identified 23-(S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl-silybin as a promising inhibitor of IAV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.