ArticleJournal of lipid research2013
The low levels of eicosapentaenoic acid in rat brain phospholipids are maintained via multiple redundant mechanisms.
Article in Journal of lipid research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of dietary factors in the prevention and treatment for depression: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective studies.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs in depression: A meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2019Pooled it
- Efficacy of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of depression.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2016Pooled it
- Clinical response to EPA supplementation in patients with major depressive disorder is associated with higher plasma concentrations of pro-resolving lipid mediators.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Membrane Molecular Species Remodeling as a Signature of ω-3 Fatty Acid Action in Cultured Neural Cells.ASN neuro · 2026Article
- DHA-dominant Omega-3 compositions enhance PSD-95 organization and glutamatergic protein expression.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2026Article
- Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis as a Potential Approach for Investigation of Cerebral Accumulation of Docosahexaenoic Acid: Previous Milestones and Recent Trends.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Differential impact of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of lipid research · 2024Article
- Upregulated hepatic lipogenesis from dietary sugars in response to low palmitate feeding supplies brain palmitate.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Biochemical and behavioral effects of decreasing dietary linoleic acid and increasing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in a rat chronic monoarthrits model.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2022Article
- Dietary DHA prevents cognitive impairment and inflammatory gene expression in aged male rats fed a diet enriched with refined carbohydrates.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Article
- A Scoping Review of Clinical Studies in Infants Fed Formulas Containing Palm Oil or Palm Olein and Sn-2 Palmitate.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Disentangling the Molecular Mechanisms of the Antidepressant Activity of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Omega-3 fatty acids accelerate fledging in an avian marine predator: a potential role of cognition.The Journal of experimental biology · 2021Article
- Dementia risk reduction: why haven't the pharmacological risk reduction trials worked? An in-depth exploration of seven established risk factors.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2021Review
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Decrease Plasma T-Tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Digestibility of Soybean, Fish, and Microalgal Oils, and Their Influences on Fatty Acid Distribution in Tissue Lipid of Mice.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid Is Related to Happiness and a Sense of Fulfillment-A Study among Female Nursing Workers.Nutrients · 2020Article
- The Association Between Vascular Inflammation and Depressive Disorder. Causality, Biomarkers and Targeted Treatment.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Quantitative Profiling of Oxylipins in Acute Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Brain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels are 250- to 300-fold lower than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), at least partly, because EPA is rapidly β-oxidized and lost from brain phospholipids. Therefore, we examined if β-oxidation was necessary for maintaining low EPA levels by inhibiting β-oxidation with methyl palmoxirate (MEP). Furthermore, because other metabolic differences between DHA and EPA may also contribute to their vastly different levels, this study aimed to quantify the incorporation and turnover of DHA and EPA into brain phospholipids. Fifteen-week-old rats were subjected to vehicle or MEP prior to a 5 min intravenous infusion of (14)C-palmitate, (14)C-DHA, or (14)C-EPA. MEP reduced the radioactivity of brain aqueous fractions for (14)C-palmitate-, (14)C-EPA-, and (14)C-DHA-infused rats by 74, 54, and 23%, respectively; while it increased the net rate of incorporation of plasma unesterified palmitate into choline glycerophospholipids and phosphatidylinositol and EPA into ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and phosphatidylserine. MEP also increased the synthesis of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) from EPA. Moreover, the recycling of EPA into brain phospholipids was 154-fold lower than DHA. Therefore, the low levels of EPA in the brain are maintained by multiple redundant pathways including β-oxidation, decreased incorporation from plasma unesterified FA pool, elongation/desaturation to n-3 DPA, and lower recycling within brain phospholipids.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.