Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23835823›Full record

ArticleAnnals of family medicine

Strategies for reducing potentially avoidable hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions.

Tobias Freund, Stephen M Campbell, Stefan Geissler, Cornelia U Kunz, Cornelia Mahler, Frank Peters-Klimm, Joachim Szecsenyi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of family medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
81citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

81 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Older People's Help-Seeking Behaviors in Rural Contexts: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. High Hospitalization Rates and Risk Factors Among Frail Patients With Cirrhosis: A 10-year Population-based Cohort Study.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Observational
  12. Article
  13. Delirium Due to Potentially Avoidable Hospitalizations Among Older Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Trends in the Quality of Primary Care and Acute Care in Korea From 2008 to 2020: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2023
    Article
  18. Observational
  19. Article
  20. The impact of ambulatory care spending, continuity and processes of care on ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2022
    Article

21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Tobias FreundDepartment of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. tobias.freund@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Stephen M Campbell
Stefan Geissler
Cornelia U Kunz
Cornelia Mahler
Frank Peters-Klimm
Joachim Szecsenyi

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeHospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (ACSCs) are seen as potentially avoidable with optimal primary care. Little is known, however, about how primary care physicians rate these hospitalizations and whether and how they could be avoided. This study explores the complex causality of such hospitalizations from the perspective of primary care physicians.

methodsWe conducted semistructured interviews with 12 primary care physicians from 10 primary care clinics in Germany regarding 104 hospitalizations of 81 patients with ACSCs at high risk of rehospitalization.

resultsParticipating physicians rated 43 (41%) of the 104 hospitalizations to be potentially avoidable. During the interviews the cause of hospitalization fell into 5 principal categories: system related (eg, unavailability of ambulatory services), physician related (eg, suboptimal monitoring), medical (eg, medication side effects), patient related (eg, delayed help-seeking), and social (eg, lack of social support). Subcategories frequently associated with physicians' rating of hospitalizations for ACSCs as potentially avoidable were after-hours absence of the treating physician, failure to use ambulatory services, suboptimal monitoring, patients' fearfulness, cultural background and insufficient language skills of patients, medication errors, medication nonadherence, and overprotective caregivers. Comorbidities and medical emergencies were frequent causes attributed to ACSC-based hospitalizations that were rated as being unavoidable.

conclusionsPrimary care physicians rated a significant proportion of hospitalizations for ACSCs to be potentially avoidable. Strategies to avoid these hospitalizations may target after-hours care, optimal use of ambulatory services, intensified monitoring of high-risk patients, and initiatives to improve patients' willingness and ability to seek timely help, as well as patients' medication adherence.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelAdultAgedAmbulatory CareFemaleGermanyHealth Services MisuseHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrimary Health CareProfessional-Patient RelationsQuality of Health Careambulatory care-sensitive conditionsavoidable hospitalizationshospitalizationmultimorbidityprimary health carequality of health care

Identifiers

PMID23835823
PMCPMC3704497

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.